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Oestradiol, Aging Theory, Women/LGBT Difficulties and Motivation
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Natural Products Pharmacology and Phytochemicals for Health Care, 2021
Francisco Torrens, Gloria Castellano
Estradiol is partially why post-menopausal women present brittle bones [11]. After menopause, women’s OEST levels drop dramatically, which results in their bones becoming weak and porous (osteoporosis). To combat this, post-menopausal women, or those who had a hysterectomy, are usually prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which typically involves ingesting a mixture of OEST, progesterone, and progestin to compensate for the amount they lost. One common OEST that is used in HRT is pregnant mares’ urine (Premarin), which is isolated from the urine of pregnant mares. It is actually mostly composed of estrone sulfate (cf. Figure 12.4). It may sound an odd thing to take, but this is converted directly into normal estradiol in the woman’s body.
Mechanobiology in the Reproductive Tract
Published in Jiro Nagatomi, Eno Essien Ebong, Mechanobiology Handbook, 2018
Julie Anne MacDonald, Dori C. Woods
For the most severe cases, complete hysterectomy, or the surgical removal of the uterus, is the only successful treatment (Stewart 2015). Hysterectomy is an unsatisfying treatment route for many women, particularly those who desire future pregnancies (Stewart et al. 2012). In addition to the risk inherent with any surgery, there is an additional risk of spreading undiagnosed malignant neoplasm, as the conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy requires the uterine tissue to be dissected within the abdominal cavity prior to removal (Stewart et al. 2016). Myomectomy is a more conservative surgical option that directly targets fibroids, with less damage to uterine tissue; however, such treatment is depended on successful diagnosis of each mass and does not prevent recurrence (Wallach and Vlahos 2004). Nonsurgical treatment options at present are primarily hormone-based therapies, which generally reduce fibroid size, which can in turn reduce symptoms (Khan et al. 2014), however, emerging treatment platforms seek to utilize mechano-sensitive pathways to directly target fibroids for degradation in a noninvasive manner.
The Combined Effect of Aqueous Tulasi Extract and Electrical Pulses on the Viability of HeLa Cells
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Jeya Shree Thulasidas, Gowri Sree Varadarajan, Lakshya Mittal, Raji Sundararajan
Cervical cancer ranks fourth for both cancer incidence and mortality among females and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries. According to GLOBOCAN 2018, 569,847 cervical cancer cases were registered contributing to 13.1% of all cancer cases worldwide [1]. India has the highest burden of cervical cancer in the world. In India, 96,922 cases were recorded for the incidence of cervical cancer and 60,078 cervical cancer deaths were registered. This accounts for 17% of cervical cancer cases worldwide [2]. Cervical cancer treatment depends upon the stage of cancer. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the most commonly used cervical cancer treatments. Surgery involves the removal of uterus (hysterectomy) to prevent recurrence. Only early-stage cervical cancer is treated with surgery. Radiation therapy uses high-powered energy beams, such as X-rays or protons, to kill cervical cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used before surgery to shrink a tumor or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Radiation therapy cannot be used to treat advanced cervical cancer. Chemotherapy is used for systemic treatment. Low dose chemotherapy fails to cure advanced cervical cancer. High dose of the chemotherapeutic drug is used to treat advanced cervical cancer. Commonly used cervical cancer drugs are Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, Topotecan, and Gemcitabine [3]. When these drugs are administered in higher doses, they cause severe side effects [4] and patients have a poor quality of life. There is a critical need to find an alternate cancer treatment which is affordable and gentle to the patients with no or less side effects. In this context, the focus is increasing to discover and develop drugs from natural bioactive compounds, which offer less side effects [5–7]. The use of herbal plants for the treatment of cancer is an excellent alternative to conventional toxic chemotherapeutic drugs.
Profile of the Jada® System: the vacuum-induced hemorrhage control device for treating abnormal postpartum uterine bleeding and postpartum hemorrhage
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Mary D’Alton, Kara Rood, Hyagriv Simhan, Dena Goffman
If the non-surgical methods described fail to control the abnormal postpartum uterine bleeding or PPH, surgical interventions become necessary. Definitive surgical treatment is often a hysterectomy, which presents additional serious risks to the patient including surgical morbidity and irreversible implications to fertility.