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Introduction to Cancer, Conventional Therapies, and Bionano-Based Advanced Anticancer Strategies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Certain types of cancers depend on hormones to grow and propagate. Thus, hormonal therapy works by altering the amount of certain hormones in the body to fight cancers that are dependent on the chemicals. This method of treatment is used to treat cancers such as cancer of the prostate, breast, and reproductive systems. For instance, all patients who have hormone receptor-positive breast cancer are mandated to have hormonal therapy. In this case, hormone therapy aims to inhibit the interaction between a hormone, such as estrogen, and its dependent pathways that stimulate neoplastic cells. The side effects that arise from hormonal treatment depending on the age and sex of the patient, type of cancer, and the drug type used [115].
Biomechanics of Cancer
Published in Adil Al-Mayah, Biomechanics of Soft Tissues, 2018
Homeyra Pourmohammadali, Mohammad Kohandel, Sivabal Sivaloganathan
The selection of appropriate therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer is primarily determined by the type and stage of the cancer. Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy represent the standard classical treatment modalities; however, in recent years, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, stem cell transplant, and precision medicine have emerged as novel powerful therapeutic strategies (Emens et al., 2017; Hard et al., 2017). Tumors can be partially or fully resected from a patient’s body through surgery; the size and bulk of tumors are often reduced through radiation therapy or chemotherapy prior to surgery (neoadjuvant radio/chemotherapies), or any remaining cancer cells are eradicated through radiation/chemotherapy postsurgery (adjuvant radio/chemotherapies). Of the newer approaches, immunotherapy holds much promise, because it primes the immune system of patients themselves to attack and eradicate the cancer. The alterations in the growth and differentiation of cancer cells can be monitored in this type of targeted therapy. Some types of cancers, such as breast and prostate cancers can be controlled by hormone therapy. Another approach for patients who have lost hematopoietic stem cells through radiation and chemotherapies is to have these replenished through stem cell transplant. If the genetic basis of a cancer is known, precision medicine can be used to deliver targeted treatment. Mechanotherapy is a novel optional treatment for tumors that are smaller and more on the surface tissue (Lee and Lim, 2007). Indeed, combination therapies of many of the above-mentioned therapies are often administered depending on the type of cancer and its stage and aggressivity.
Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles using red seaweed Champia parvula and its anti-oxidant and anticarcinogenic activity on lung cancer
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2023
Sandhiya Viswanathan, Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi, P. Kannaki, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, Gomathy Baskar, A. Mugip Rahaman, L. Tharrun Daniel Paul, Barani Kumar Rajendran, Asha Sivaji
Cancer is a terminology that describes a variety of malignancies that develop from uncontrolled cell proliferation. It is possible that if normal cells do not restrict fast growth, undesirable effects, such as tissue breakdowns will develop. In developed countries, the second biggest cause of death due to cancer, and its incidence is quickly increasing in both developed countries and developing countries (Tian et al. 2020). World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 10 million cancer death are expected by 2020 and 10,000 new lung cancer cases are estimated every year and is the second most frequent malignancy. Eighty-five percent of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been found in all lung cancer patients commonly (Krist et al. 2021). Most malignancies are cured and controlled with a combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and surgery. Nanotechnology-related diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have demonstrated potential for enhancing tumor treatment in recent times (Ratan et al. 2020). Cancer nanomedicine has created a new era of multidisciplinary research in biomedical engineering, pharmacology, chemistry, and biology with a focus on specific advancements in cancer detection, investigation, and management (Wang and Thanou 2010). Nanoparticles have been synthesized for a variety of purposes in recent years, including environmental and biomedical studies (Batool et al. 2019).