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Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
Surgical intervention and hepatectomy, radiation therapy, liver transplantation, and chemotherapeutic drugs are the main treatment strategies for liver cancer (Lin et al. 2012). Laparoscopic hepatectomy involves reduced invasiveness and more rapid recovery (Jiang and Cao 2015). HCC usually has a long latent period, meaning that most patients are in an intermediate, advanced, or terminal stage when they are diagnosed. Chemotherapy is a treatment option for late or very late HCC (Veereman et al. 2015). Among nonsurgical treatments, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the most commonly used for HCC. However, the nonspecific distribution and nonspecific mode of action of anticancer drugs leads to a high intrinsic toxicity and low survival profile of patients followed by more serious systemic effects when it kills cancer cells (Li et al. 2015; Veereman et al. 2015; Abou-Alfa et al. 2018) Currently, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib, lenvatinib, and cabozantinib are the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved first-line targeted drugs for advanced HCC, with a modest survival benefit (Ikeda et al. 2016, Abou-Alfa et al. 2018). Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD-1, was recently approved by the FDA as a second-line treatment for sorafenib-resistant HCC. A clinical trial demonstrated that nivolumab has a response rate of only 20% in HCC patients (El-Khoueiry et al. 2017). Antiviral treatment with nucleoside analogs is associated with reduced recurrence and prolonged survival in HCC patients with HBV infection (Huang et al. 2015).
Novel methods for segment-specific blood flow simulation for the liver
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
N. Barléon, R. J. Clarke, H. Ho
Hepatectomy (removal of parts of the liver) is dependent on an accurate understanding of the segmental anatomy of the liver, which is defined according to the intrahepatic vascular and biliary structures (Deshpande et al. 2002). Under the Couinaud classification, the liver is divided into eight segments. Hepatectomy is performed along segmental boundaries, resulting in drastically altered blood flow through the organ. Such a hemodynamic change could be crucial for post-operative recovery in the patient (Dahm et al. 2005). Insights of prognosis of the surgery may be gained by integrating segmental resection simulations with blood flow analysis.