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Cell Physiology
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
A few other notable GLUT transporters are insulin-responsive GLUT4 and fructose-transporting GLUT5. In addition to GLUT1, cells in culture and in different tissues may express other GLUT transporters at different proportions. The expression of different transporters will give them different responses to the concentrations of glucose or other sugars.
The effect of calcium co-ingestion on exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise in healthy men: A pilot study
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Ben J. Narang, Gareth A. Wallis, Javier T. Gonzalez
The most recent guidelines regarding carbohydrate intake during exercise recommend an intake of 30–60 g h−1 and up to 90 g h−1 for endurance and ultra-endurance, respectively (Thomas, Erdman, & Burke, 2016). The former values are based on research identifying maximal intestinal absorption rates of glucose via active sodium-dependent cotransporters (SGLT1) and facilitative (passive) transporters (GLUT2) of ∼1 g min−1 (Burke, Hawley, Wong, & Jeukendrup, 2011). The higher ultra-endurance recommendations are associated with glucose-fructose co-ingestion, as intestinal absorption of fructose into the enterocytes occurs via an alternative transporter to that of glucose (GLUT5) resulting in a greater capacity for overall carbohydrate uptake and subsequent oxidation (Gonzalez et al., 2017; Jeukendrup, 2010; Rowlands et al., 2015).
Metabolic adaptations to endurance training and nutrition strategies influencing performance
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2019
Conrad P. Earnest, Jeff Rothschild, Christopher R. Harnish, Alireza Naderi
Several studies have attempted to determine optimal CHO intake during exercise, and benefits are seen in a dose-dependent manner up until 39–64 g/h of glucose-only (Newell, Hunter, Lawrence, Tipton, & Galloway, 2015) or 78–90 g/h of a 2:1 glucose-fructose blend (King, O’Hara, Morrison, Preston, & King, 2018; Smith et al., 2013, 2010). This is thought to be related to several factors including the saturation of sodium-dependent glucose transporter protein (SGLT1) at intakes of ~60 g/h (Jeukendrup, 2010), the ability for fructose to be absorbed through an alternate route (GLUT5 transporter) and the allowance for a greater absorption of exogenous CHO and an additional fuel source to muscles in the form of lactate (Rosset, Egli, & Lecoultre, 2017), and the ability to spare hepatic glycogen during extended exercise (Newell et al., 2018).