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Microbiological Quality of Environmental Samples
Published in Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros, Klara Ver, Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater, 2018
Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros, Klara Ver
Clostridium perfringens is the species most commonly involved in gangrene, but other Clostridia and several other bacteria can also grow in such wounds. Once ischemia and the subsequent necrosis have developed, gas gangrene can develop, especially in muscle tissue. As the C. perfringens microorganisms grow, they ferment carbohydrates in the tissue and produce gases (carbon dioxide and hydrogen) that swell the tissue. The bacteria produce toxins that move along muscle bundles, killing cells, and producing necrotic tissue that is favorable for further growth. The surgical removal of necrotic tissue or amputation are the most common medical treatments for gas gangrene.
Hot and Cold Environments: Temperature Extremes
Published in Martin B., S.Z., of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
Frostbite is localized freezing of the skin. Skin freezes at about −2.2°C. If the frostbite is more than superficial, there is tissue loss. Gangrene may develop from tissue loss and compromise blood flow. Frostbite can be a serious condition, depending on the extent of tissue damage that occurs. If the freezing is superficial, the condition may be referred to as frostnip.
Investigation of the arsenic(V) retention performance of the nano-sorbent (M-TACA) synthesized by click chemistry
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Bilsen Tural, Erdal Ertaş, Servet Tural
The World Health Organization determined the maximum amount of arsenic in drinking water as 10 μg/L in 1993 based on the researcher conducted and declared that water containing arsenic above this value is toxic.[3] Arsenic is taken into the human body by drinking water and accumulates in the tissues over time. Arsenic disrupts the structure of enzymes and proteins in the body, renders them dysfunctional and even damages molecules such as DNA and RNA in long-term high uptake. The effects of exposure to arsenic include various skin lesions, neurological effects, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diabetes, edema, gangrene, ulcers, skin and other types of cancer, miscarriage, stillbirth, premature births, weakness, emaciation, drowsiness, anemia, damage to the immune system.[2,4]
Biosorption of heavy metals from water: mechanism, critical evaluation and translatability of methodology
Published in Environmental Technology Reviews, 2022
Risha Jasmine Nathan, Arvind Kumar Jain, Rhonda J. Rosengren
Arsenic: Several reports from the regions of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India have been published on the adverse health effects of As, including an increase in the mortality rate due to long-term exposure through the public water supply [34–37]. Exposure to organic As such as arsenobentaine and arsenocholine through the intake of fish, algae and other seafood is not considered harmful as these are excreted in unaltered forms in the urine [28–39]. Chronic arsenic toxicity in humans is a result of oral exposure through contaminated drinking water causing skin lesions, gangrene, recurrent diarrhoea, peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, liver cirrhosis, bone marrow depression, diabetes, proximal tubule degeneration, papillary and cortical necrosis among others [28–39]. Cancers of the internal organs due to DNA methylation have also been reported in individuals who had consumed contaminated drinking water [40]. Other chronic effects of As toxicity include spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, reduced birth weight, infant mortality and reduced IQ in children [41–45]. Overall, the molecular mechanism of As-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis is governed by oxidative stress [46].
The FlowOx device for the treatment of peripheral artery disease: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
In peripheral artery disease (PAD), arterial blood flow to the extremities is impeded. Clinically, the severity of PAD ranges from asymptomatic disease to intermittent claudication or atypical extremity pain during exercise, and to critical limb ischemia characterized by rest-pain, tissue loss, and gangrene. Patients with PAD have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the treatment strategy consists of cardiovascular risk modifying treatments, and treatment of leg symptoms. Exposure of the affected leg to cyclic pressure changes increases the macro- and microcirculatory blood flow and may be used for the treatment of PAD [1,2]. The principles of this treatment have been described since he early 20th century, however, has more recently become a treatment option for selected patients, as a new treatment device has been developed [3–5].