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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Diabetic foot ulcers and related complications are debilitating and costly sequelae of diabetes.201 Infection, neuropathy, and peripheral artery disease are key contributors to amputation risk in these patients.202 When compared to normal subjects, diabetic patients tend to have warmer feet and exhibit significantly greater temperature differences between feet. Additionally, the presence of neuropathy raises foot temperature; both ischemic and neuro-ischemic feet are warmer than healthy feet.203
An insight into Transfemoral Prostheses: Materials, modelling, simulation, fabrication, testing, clinical evaluation and performance perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
K. Amudhan, A. Vasanthanathan, J. Anish Jafrin Thilak
According to the World Health Organization, 75 million people worldwide suffer from loco motor impairment, accounting for 1% of the global population [1]. Any amputation is a tragic and life-altering event. Amputation can be a result of Peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, tumors, or a traumatic event [2]. Figure 1 graphically represents the main reasons for amputation [3,4]. An amputee’s life can be extremely debilitating, posing not just physical but also mental challenges. It is a life-threatening injury that is permanent and emotionally distressing to the sufferers. Furthermore, it results in an inability to support oneself and one’s family and it leads to a variety of psychological problems [5] in many individuals. Amputation rates vary internationally according to the reason, location, age, ethnicity, level of industrialization, transportation infrastructure, and the medical facilities available. According to prior literature, peripheral vascular disorders, and diabetes (Figure 1) are the leading cause of amputation in affluent nations, while trauma being the lead cause in others. According to an estimation conducted on 2017, 57.7 million individuals had their limbs amputated owing to traumatic reasons [4]. Major Traumatic reasons for lower limb amputation include nonfatal injuries as a result of blunt force accidents [6–11], landmine explosions [12] and natural disasters [13].
Design of lower limb prosthetic sockets: a review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Minghui Wang, Qingjun Nong, Yunlong Liu, Hongliu Yu
Skin problem is often discussed, but there are few systematic studies. The incidence of skin problems reported in previous studies was 24–74% among amputees [11–13]. Emine Colgecen et al. observed 49 cases of skin problems (70%) among 70 amputees [14]. Meulenbelt et al. surveyed amputees in the Netherlands [10], and the results of 805 valid questionnaires are shown in the Figure 1. The incidence of skin problems in lower limb amputees with different amputation causes is shown in Figure 1(a). The most common reasons for amputation were trauma (42%) and peripheral arterial disease/diabetes (28%). The type and proportion of skin problems are shown in Figure 1(b). Most reported skin problems were pressure ulcers (57%) and infection (35%). Among amputees, 57% stated they could not wear their prostheses temporarily due to the skin problem. This high percentage indicates that skin problem may reduce patients’ quality of life [14].