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Fucoidan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Ellya Sinurat, Dina Fransiska, Nurhayati, Hari Eko Irianto
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that can be found in brown seaweed and sea cucumber. The bioactivities of fucoidan, such as anticoagulants, antioxidants, immunomodulator, anti inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, and a variety of other unique bioactivities, are beneficial to preventing GI ulcers and healing gastric ulcers by fucoidan reduces aspirin induced inflammatory cytokine production and stomach mucosal injury. Mucus production improves during the healing phase. Intracellular instigators like stomach fluids and oxidants and exogenous damaging chemicals like NSAIDs are protected from the ulcer crater. Fucoidan’s health activities as a natural food element obtained from the sea are directly linked to its chemical properties. Fucoidan properties depends on the type of macroalgae used, the conditions of extraction, and the chemical and physical treatment of this one of a kind product. Because of its various health benefits, fucoidan is currently commonly utilized in manufacturing functional foods.
Bioactive Compounds in Marine Macro Algae and Their Role in Pharmacological Applications
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
Subramaniam Kalidass, Lakshmanan Ranjith, Palavesam Arunachalam, Amarnath Mathan Babu, Karuppasamy Kaviarasan
Fucoidan is the most important and dominant sulfated polysaccharide, which mainly is composed of fucose linked in (1, 3) and (1, 4) glycosidic linkage (Daniel et al. 2001). In the two brown algal families, such as Fucaceae and Laminariaceae, the cell walls are composed of 2%–10% dry weight of the fucoidans. Fucoidans are derived from numerous species of BA, such as Ascophyllum nodosum, Cladosiphon okamuranus, Fucus vesiculosis, and Undaria pinnatifida. Fucoidan has a higher bioactive potential, and pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-coagulation, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory have been performed (Smit 2004; Cumashi et al. 2007; Wijesinghe and Jeon 2012). Fucoidan will show potential in bone-tissue engineering during analyses for the biomedical field (Jeong et al. 2013; Lowe et al. 2016).
Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
In recent years, marine phytochemicals are explored for various applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields. Among them, marine polysaccharides have been gradually gaining attention for their potential use for pharmacological, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics purposes. Polysaccharides derived from the marine flora and fauna possess various biological efficacy, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer (Ruocco et al. 2016). Also, marine polysaccharides are used in drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Marine polysaccharides have a major advantage as compared to others; they are cost-effective and have strong interactions with other bioactive compounds. Due to responses against external stimuli like pH, temperature and electric field marine polysaccharides tend to be used in tissue engineering applications (Liu et al. 2008; Silva et al. 2012). Fucoidan, carrageenan, alginate, chitosan, and laminarian are potential marine polysaccharides extracted from marine algae and seaweeds. Fucoidan, a marine polysaccharide, has been demonstrated as an anticancer agent that is extracted from brown seaweed. Fucoidan exhibits anticancer efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma by cell-cycle arrest and induced cell death. (Lin et al. 2020; Jin et al. 2021) Alginate is a marine polysaccharide that is the most abundant biopolymer obtained from various of marine brown algae. Alginate is an ideal biopolymer for the drug delivery system. Reports showed that alginate-based drug carriers in different forms increased the cellular uptake of drugs in cancer treatment (He et al. 2020).
In vitro anti-inflammatory potential of marine macromolecules cross-linked bio-composite scaffold on LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells for cartilage tissue engineering applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
A. S. Sumayya, G. Muraleedhara Kurup
In our previous study, we have demonstrated the physio-chemical characterization, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of biopolymer scaffold HACF composed of hydroxyapatite, alginate, chitosan and fucoidan [29,30]. Chitosan is a natural cationic polymer that is biologically renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-antigenic, non-toxic and bio functional. It has been studied as a useful biomaterial in diverse tissue engineering applications because of its hydrophilic surface promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, good biocompatibility, good host response, high biochemical significance in hemostasis, angiogenesis [29] and it can accelerate the wound healing process enhancing the functions of inflammatory cells, macrophages and fibroblasts. Alginate, an anionic polymer, is also biocompatible, hydrophilic and biodegradable under normal physiological conditions. Both the polymers interact to form complexes through chemical binding [31]. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring mineral, has been proven to be bone biocompatible, osteoconductive and has shown the ability to induce calcification and form a biological bond between implant and subchondral bone. Finally, fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide mainly found in brown seaweeds. It is an appropriate candidate for reinforcing the component of cellular activities for tissue regeneration [30]. Since our scaffold HACF contains marine macromolecules with significant anti-inflammatory potential, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of HACF hydrogel scaffold on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, which can be stimulated by LPS to mimic the condition of infection and inflammation.
Ex vivo treatment with fucoidan of mononuclear cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
K. J. G. Díaz-Resendiz, G. A. Toledo-Ibarra, R. Ruiz-Manzano, D.A. Giron Perez, C.E. Covantes-Rosales, A. B. Benitez-Trinidad, K. M Ramirez-Ibarra, A. T. Hermosillo Escobedo, I. González-Navarro, G.H. Ventura-Ramón, A. Romero Castro, D. Alam Escamilla, A. Y. Bueno-Duran, Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide rich in L-fucose that can be found in the extracellular matrix of marine brown algae Phaeophyta, Laminariaceae, Fucaceae, Chordariaceae, Alariaceae (Kloareg and Quatrano 1988; Michel et al. 2010), as well as in some marine invertebrates (Vasseur et al. 1948). Its structure is also composed of other sugars (xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, and glucose), uronic acid, proteins, and acetyl groups; proportions of these components are 50%-90% of L‐fucose, 35%-45% of sulfate, and less than 8% of uronic acid (Vasseur et al. 1948; Citkowska et al. 2019). Several bioactive proprieties has been reported on fucoidan formulations, which mainly depend of its composition (Citkowska et al. 2019).
Biocompatibility of subcutaneously implanted marine macromolecules cross-linked bio-composite scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
A. S. Sumayya, G. Muraleedhara Kurup
The glucosamine residues of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are the framework of both keratin sulfate and hyaluronate, two major GAGs found in articular cartilage [10]. It has been stated that GAGs linked to a protein core are organized to form proteoglycans, and these complex molecules are considered to play a vital role in modulating cell morphology, proliferation, differentiation and function [11]. Chitosan is a binary polyheterosaccharide consisting of N-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine through a β (1–4) linkage, and this structure closely resembles GAGs as it possesses the same glucosamine residues. This suggests that chitosan will substantially function like GAGs in the blended scaffolds to support cell attachment, promote cell proliferation, maintain cell differentiation function, and develop cells into a tissue-like structure [12]. The demonstrated major advantage of this biomaterial is its superior mechanical properties that neither chitosan nor alginate alone can attain. Unlike chitosan or alginate, the chitosan–alginate scaffold can be prepared from solutions of neutral pH, offering an additional advantage of allowing proteins or drugs to be uniformly incorporated in its matrix structure with no or minimal denaturation [13]. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring mineral, has been proven to be bone biocompatible, osteoconductive and has shown the ability to induce calcification and form a biological bond between implant and subchondral bone [4]. Finally, fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide mainly found in brown seaweeds. It is an appropriate candidate for reinforcing the component of cellular activities for tissue regeneration. In addition, fucoidan treatment effectively promoted the healing and restoration of cartilage injury. The degree of healing promoted by fucoidan may be associated with the steric structure and composition of the fucoidan as well as the size and molecular weight [14]. Based on these backgrounds, the scaffold HACF were synthesized using these biomaterials may exhibit the cumulative effects of all their biological properties in in vivo system for effective cartilage regeneration.