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Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Fluid balance is the concept of human homeostasis that the amount of fluid lost from the body is equal to the amount of fluid taken in. The human homeostatic control mechanisms maintain a constant internal environment and ensure that a balance between fluid gain and fluid loss is maintained.
Assessment of urinary protein composition in response to consecutive days of wildland firefighting
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
In connection with those findings, the mean urine specific gravities in all participants of the present study tended toward being dehydrated (>1.020 g/ml) over the period of the study. Furthermore, some individuals’ body weight loss decreased up to 2.4% after the 3-day workshift in this study. Body weight measurement has been considered a simple and advantageous marker to determine fluid balance [22]. In this regard, cutoff values for the euhydrated condition based on body weight measurement have been shown to change <1% [23]. Additionally, it has been suggested that dehydration of more than 2% of body weight change can attenuate aerobic work performance and impair mental/cognitive performance [24]. While it is necessary to maintain near euhydration to optimize work performance [16,25], it is difficult to determine whether the observed weight loss is a function of total body water loss [26], negative energy balance [13] or loss of muscle mass including glycogen depletion [25,27]. Moreover, as wildland firefighting is subjected to unpredictable and transient conditions consisting of varied physical work associated with psychological and physiological stress [13,16], it may have been difficult to maintain ideally euhydrated body conditions (≤1.020 g/ml) [23] in this study. In wildland firefighting, there are other issues in maintaining optimal hydration status, which include heat-related illness such as heat stroke, heat exhaustion and heat cramps [14,15,28].
Medical textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2020
The kidney is a complex organ that is involved with filtration and excretion of waste substances in the body. They are critical in the overall maintenance of fluid balance and also contribute to endocrinological function of the body with a role in erythrocyte production, bone homeostasis and the regulation of blood pressure. The role of filtration and excretion is undertaken by a series of ion pumps that can transport, actively or passively, ions and metabolites from blood flow into a waste system that creates urine [638].