China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Biosphere
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Steroids are lipids found in living systems that all have the ring system shown in Figure 21.8 for cholesterol. Steroids occur in bile salts, which are produced by the liver and then secreted into the intestines. Their breakdown products contribute to the characteristic color of feces. Bile salts act upon fats in the intestine. They suspend very tiny fat droplets in the form of colloidal emulsions. This enables the fats to be broken down chemically and digested.
The Biosphere: Environmental Biochemistry
Published in Stanley Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2017
Steroids are lipids found in living systems that all have the ring system shown in Figure 21.8 for cholesterol. Steroids occur in bile salts, which are produced by the liver and then secreted into the intestines. Their breakdown products contribute to the characteristic color of feces. Bile salts act upon fats in the intestine. They suspend very tiny fat droplets in the form of colloidal emulsions. This enables the fats to be broken down chemically and digested.
A difunctional Pluronic®127-based in situ formed injectable thermogels as prolonged and controlled curcumin depot, fabrication, in vitro characterization and in vivo safety evaluation
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Samiullah Khan, Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Usman Minhas, Hassan Shah, Kifayat Ullah Khan, Raghu Raj Singh Thakur
During safety profiling throughout whole toxicity study, no toxic effect was observed in any rabbit group treated with formulation controls included in the study. No death occurred neither any toxic response in the whole 14-day observation period. The rabbits showed normal movement, energy, eye slits, behavior, teeth, hair, eyes and oral cavity. The rabbit’s response to sound, light, breathing and other stimulus was normal. No ulceration or flare was found in the skin. They displayed no nose or mouth dryness, vomit or salivation, running nose, edema or eye secretions. Rabbit’s feces were found normal in color, frequency with no pus, blood and mucus. Food consumption was found equal in all treated groups with no significant difference.
Microplastics and human health: Integrating pharmacokinetics
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Excretion may occur mainly in the liver, through phagocytosis or biliary excretion of intact particles in the feces, and the kidney, consisting of biodegradation products in the urine (Figure 3). For instance, radiolabelled polymethacrylic (250–300 nm) were mainly found in the liver (60%) after one hour and rapidly cleared from the blood stream when injected intravenously in rats (Rolland et al., 1989). Hydrophobic and larger particles are more easily recognized and rapidly eliminated from circulation (Vonarbourg et al., 2006). For instance, distribution of 3.4 µm to the liver and spleen is slower than ≥7.4 µm radiolabelled polystyrene divinylbenzene microspheres after intravenous administration in dogs (Slack et al., 1981).
Evaluating the mouse model for estimation of arsenic bioavailability: Comparison of estimates of absolute bioavailability of inorganic arsenic in mouse, humans, and other species
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Gary L. Diamond, David J. Thomas, Karen D. Bradham
Equation 3 was the basis for creating a corresponding compartmental model, with the elimination components A and B assigned to two well-mixed sub-compartments of the body burden and with net transfer into the body compartment from the gastrointestinal compartment governed by an absorption fraction. Equations 4–8 describe the change of As mass in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), body burden (BB), excreted (EX), feces (FE), and urine (UR):