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Selected Applications of Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Published in Helmut H. Telle, Ángel González Ureña, Laser Spectroscopy and Laser Imaging, 2018
Helmut H. Telle, Ángel González Ureña
One of the most interesting applications of the high species sensitivity associated with LIF is in biomedicine and specifically has been applied in cancer diagnosis. Here this application is illustrated for the case of esophageal cancer (related to tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption), which is the most fatal cancer worldwide (see, e.g., Parkin et al. 1990; Cancer Statistics Center 2016). A typical, schematic instrumental setup of the technique, in which the endogenous fluorescence of normal and malignant tissues (MTs) is measured in vivo using a fiber-optic probe inserted through an endoscope—without requiring biopsy—is shown in Figure 10.7 (right-hand part).
Epigenotoxicity: a danger to the future life
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Farzaneh Kefayati, Atoosa Karimi Babaahmadi, Taraneh Mousavi, Mahshid Hodjat, Mohammad Abdollahi
Esophageal cancer is a malignant digestive tract cancer that encompasses two major types of adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).[155] Altered DNA methylation at promoter regions of TSGs like OPCML, TERT, WT1, CDH1, THBS1, VEGFA, 5CGB3A1, and NEURO61 in ESSCC was reported through methylation profiling. These epigenetic modifications result in esophageal cancer manifestation in different ways, e.g., deregulation of WT1 and E-cadherin and upregulation of β-catenin and δ-catenin caused by altered methylation is one of these modifications effects.[156] Through examining the 74 ESCC patients, overexpression of miR-373 and thus downregulation of three genes (OXR1, JNK, and CASP9) as well as inhibition of P53 and hippo signaling pathways were also observed.[155] Alcohol consumption also disrupts the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, or Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways in esophageal squamous cells through hypermethylation of genes like MGMT, DACH1, and P16, etc.[212] Different scattered analyses about the role of other ncRNAs in esophageal cancer occurrence were also carried out (Table 2).
Localization strategies for robotic endoscopic capsules: a review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Federico Bianchi, Antonino Masaracchia, Erfan Shojaei Barjuei, Arianna Menciassi, Alberto Arezzo, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Danail Stoyanov, Paolo Dario, Gastone Ciuti
Nowadays, gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, i.e. inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer disease, and other sources of bleeding, as well as infections and cancers, remain threats for human health causing significant morbidity and mortality. In particular, cancers of the colorectum and the stomach represent the third and fifth most common cancer worldwide, respectively. In terms of number of deaths, gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) are ranked third and fourth, respectively, with a mortality rate of around 76% for stomach and 51% for CRC. Esophageal cancer, despite lower number of cases and deaths, has a mortality rate of about 88%. In this regard, diagnosis at an early stage represents a key factor to reduce mortality. For CRC and gastric cancers, the 5-year survival rate in case of early stage pathology is >90%, falling to <20% in case of late diagnosis. The reported interval required for the progression of a precancerous lesion to an advanced neoplasm is around 5–10 years [1–3].