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Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which are associated with B cell lymphomas, nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is the virus of herpes family, and it is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis – glandular fever. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is linked to the development of a variety of human malignancies, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, some T cell lymphomas, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and certain cancers of the stomach and smooth muscle and central nervous system lymphomas associated with HIV (Baumforth et al. 1999; Kanda et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2021; Vockerodt et al. 2015).
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects up to 95% of the world population by the time subjects reach adulthood. Once the initial infection is controlled by the immune system, EBV persists in a latent state inside B-cells of the immune system. Evidence suggests that re-activation by an external agent is required to trigger carcinogenicity of EBV. Activating agents include the following: infections (especially malaria in connection with Burkitt lymphoma), immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, ciclosporin), immunodeficiency and possibly exposure to food products such as salted fish in China; and certain chemicals. EBV initiates several types of lymphoma and cancer of the nasopharynx.