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Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Advanced Stages of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
Farhat, R.A. Asnir, A. Yudhistira, F. Nurdiansyah, S. Yulius, E.R. Daulay
The main therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is radiotherapy. Considerations of radiotherapy selection are based on the fact that histopathologically most NPCs are undifferentiated carcinoma (75-95%) and radiosensitive non-keratinised carcinomas (Wei, 2006; Jeyakumar, 2006). Recent meta-analysis studies suggest the need for additional chemotherapy to radiotherapy. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy is considered better than single radiotherapy and in 2006 it was started as standard therapy in patients at an advanced stage (T2B or more and/or N+) (Guigay et al., 2006; NCCN, 2010).
Respiratory system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The role of cross-sectional imaging in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is to assess submucosal extension, deeper tumour margins and lymph node involvement [12]. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common (70%) primary malignancy of the nasopharynx and MRI is performed to assess parapharyngeal tumour extent and invasion of the paranasal sinuses, skull base and cervical lymph nodes.
Numerical analysis of enhanced nano-drug delivery to the olfactory bulb
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2021
Shantanu Vachhani, Clement Kleinstreuer
To construct a particle release map, it is essential to identify regions of the nasal cavity that are highly susceptible for inflammation due to nasal cavity infections. Based on studies in literature, the following regions have been chosen for this purpose: Nasal Vestibule: – Nasal vestibulitis is an infection local to the vestibule region characterized by excessive swelling and redness (Lipschitz et al. 2017).Inferior Meatus: – Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by nasal obstruction due to the abnormal enlargement of the inferior turbinates (Helliwell 2010).Middle Meatus: – Nasal polyposis is a condition marked by non-cancerous growths beneath the middle turbinate (Dowley and Homer 2001; Kayarkar, Clifton, and Woolford 2002). In many cases these are associated with inflammation of the inner lining of the nasal cavity caused by bacteria. This is called Chronic Rhinosinutises (Stevens, Schleimer, and Kern 2016).Olfactory Region: – As elucidated in Section 1, the olfactory region serves as a promising drug delivery route to the brain and is the major focus for the present study.Nasopharynx: – Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is a cancer of the nasopharynx region. Drug delivery using nanoparticles has been shown to be a highly effective treatment option (Lan et al. 2013; Y. Wang et al. 2018; Yang et al. 2017; You et al. 2017).