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Cryptosporidiosis in Birds
Published in J. P. Dubey, C. A. Speer, R. Fayer, Cryptosporidiosis of Man and Animals, 2018
David S. Lindsay, Byron L. Blagburn
Diarrhea is the major clinical sign seen in cryptosporidial enteritis in turkeys.288,740,862 It is of mild to moderate severity. Blood is not present in the feces. Birds may be depressed and huddle in groups. Gross lesions are seen in the small intestine and occasionally the ceca. These tissues are distended with cloudy mucoid material and gas. Microscopic lesions consist of villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and infiltration of the lamina propria by plasma cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, and heterophils. Parasites are seen on the distal two thirds of the villi in the ileum and occasionally in the ceca and BF. A natural case of intestinal cryptosporidiosis and reoviral induced hepatitis in turkeys has been reported.862 The immunosupressive effects of the reovirus was thought to have enhanced the intestinal cryptosporidiosis observed in the birds.
Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles
Published in Ronald Fayer, Lihua Xiao, Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis, 2007
There are two manifestations of Cryptosporidium infections in reptiles: subclinical (i.e., carrier state), and clinical (i.e., gastritis, enteritis, and gastroenteritis) (Cranfield and Graczyk, 1995, 2000, 2006). Healthy reptiles are able to intermittently pass oocysts for years, oscillating between periods of excreting high numbers of oocysts to periods that are oocyst negative by acid-fast staining techniques. The prevalence of subclinically infected shedders can be high in a reptile collection (Carmel and Groves, 1993; Cranfield and Graczyk, 1995, 2000, 2006). Subclinical infections can be difficult to diagnosis because of the low oocyst output, sometimes far below the detection threshold of 3.75 × 104 oocysts/g (Cranfield and Graczyk, 2006; Graczyk et al., 1995, 1996), and intermittent patterns of oocyst voiding.
Environmental Regulations and Pollution of the World
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance and Sustainability, 2019
Water pollution in Indonesia has been traced to health risk and disease that include (Choudhary 2017): Gastro-enteritis Typhoid Cholera Paratyphoid Dysentery Diarrhea
Comprehensive optimization of composite cryoprotectant for Saccharomyces boulardii during freeze-drying and evaluation of its storage stability
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2019
Shu Guowei, Xin Yang, Chen Li, Dan Huang, Zhangteng Lei, Chen He
Probiotics are generally resistant to gastrointestinal passage and most antibiotics.[8] The role of probiotic yeast S. boulardii is well known as a biotherapeutic agent.[9] Since S. boulardii was discovered by Henri Boulard in 1920, lyophilized preparations of S. boulardii have increasingly been used throughout the world.[10]S. boulardii is used as a preventative and therapeutic agent for the curing of diarrhea in the lyophilized and heat-dried form,[11] which is effective in the prevention and treatment of infectious enteritis, Crohn’s disease, and Clostridium difficile associated enterocolopathies and ulcerative colitis. In addition, like any other probiotic strains, it has the beneficial health benefits such as immunological enhancer as well as enzymatic degrader of phytase, short fatty acids, and photogenic toxins.[12]
Changes in extreme events and the potential impacts on human health
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2018
Jesse E. Bell, Claudia Langford Brown, Kathryn Conlon, Stephanie Herring, Kenneth E. Kunkel, Jay Lawrimore, George Luber, Carl Schreck, Adam Smith, Christopher Uejio
Comparatively less work examines the influence of extreme events on long-term compared to acute health outcomes. For example, waterborne disease infections may cause increased risk of sequelae like appendicitis, enteritis, colitis, and noninfective gastroenteritis (Moorin et al. 2010). Similarly, mosquito-borne diseases may cause long-term cognitive, functional, and movement disorders (Hughes, Wilson, and Sejvar 2007). Many case studies document the chronic psychologic dysfunction of survivors of catastrophic extreme events (e.g., hurricanes, floods, drought) (Barreau et al. 2017; Bei et al. 2013; La Greca et al. 2010). However, there is less systematic evidence of the mental health impacts of less severe but more common extreme events. Existing public health surveillance systems are targeted toward emergency facilities instead of clinics that provide a majority of mental health care (Buehler et al. 2008). Similarly, health studies may have difficulty documenting the “slow violence” of extreme events that evolve over long periods such as drought or sea-level rise (Nixon 2011).
Image Enhancement of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Frames Using Image Fusion Technique
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
V. Vani, K. V. Mahendra Prashanth
The experiments were conducted on real-time WCE videos collected from BGS Global Hospital, Bangalore for 4 patients and from Atlas of gastrointestinal endoscopy database [24]. WCE images (94 images with lesions and 41 images without lesions) were being considered from the endoatlas database [24] for the experimental analysis. Various lesions considered were Ampulla, Angiodysplasia, Baretts, Vascular Ecstasis, Candida Esophagitis, Crohns, Cyst, Duodenitis, Edema, Enteritis erosion, Gastrojejunostomy, Ileal Diverticulum, Intursusception, Lymphangiectasia, Lymphoid hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Metastasis, Polyps, Tumour, Ulcer, Vascular lesions and Venous malformation. The observation of the experimental analysis is discussed in section 4.2 and 4.3.