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Novel Metabolites from Endophytes
Published in Gustavo Molina, Zeba Usmani, Minaxi Sharma, Abdelaziz Yasri, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Microbes in Agri-Forestry Biotechnology, 2023
Jhumishree Meher, Raina Bajpai, Md. Mahtab Rashid, Basavaraj Teli, Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Several new bioactive compounds were already extracted from various endophytes possessing antimicrobial properties. The endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. inhabiting inside different host plants produce antifungal compounds like “sordaricin” which is effective against Candida albicans (Pongcharoen et al., 2008). Another bioactive compound, that is, “7-amino-4-methyl coumarin” derived from Xylaria spp. strain YX-28 is having inhibitory effects against various food-borne microbes causing food spoilage. Microorganisms, therefore, can be developed as a natural food preservative (Liu et al., 2008). Whereas, one more strain of this fungus isolated from another host Abiesholophylla produces “griseofulvin” that can be used to manage plant pathogenic fungi (Park et al., 2005). Apart from antimicrobial properties, other compounds such as chlorinated metabolites like mycorrhizin A and cryptosporiopsin extracted from Pezicula strains also possess herbicidal properties (Schulz et al., 1995). While chlorinated benzophenone derivatives are isolated from Pestalotiopsis adusta, that is, “Pestalachlorides A” (C21H21Cl2NO5) and “B” (C20H18Cl2O5) are also reported to inhibit important fungal pathogens of plant, Fusarium culmorum, Gibberella zeae, and Verticillium albo-atrum (Jiang et al., 2008).
Role of Endophytes in Crop Improvement
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Bicky Jerin Joseph, A. R. Nayana, E. K. Radhakrishnan
Phytopathogens such as Colletotrichum sp., Phytophthora sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Sclerotium sp. have been described to be inhibited by diverse endophytic organisms. This makes endophytes to have applications in sustainable agriculture practices (Sabu et al., 2017). Rhizopycnis vagum, an endophytic fungus, has shown to have remarkable antagonism against Pythium myriotylum, which makes it to have important application as a biocontrol agent (Anisha et al., 2018). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an endophytic bacteria from ginger rhizome, has also been reported to produce antifungal compound phenazine 1-carboxylic acid with a protective effect on ginger rot disease (Jasim et al., 2014 a).
Uptake and Detoxification of Organic Micropollutants by Macrophytes in Constructed Wetlands
Published in María del Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa, Amado Enrique Navarro-Frómeta, Josep M. Bayona, Artificial or Constructed Wetlands, 2018
A. Dordio, A.J.P. Carvalho, M. Hijosa-Valsero, E. Becares
Endophytes are a group of varied microorganisms, mainly bacteria or fungi, that live asymptomatically inside plants for at least part of their life cycle, establishing an array of interactions with host plants that affect plant growth, health, and survival (Hardoim et al. 2015; Wani et al. 2015; Compant et al. 2016; Feng et al. 2017). They can be found in nearly every plant species, with the highest densities observed in plant’s roots, and decreasing from stems to leaves.
Biomedical applications of novel green AgNPs synthesized from endophytic bacteria Cronobacter sakazakii
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
The endophytic bacteria was isolated from Nyctanthes arbor-tristisand identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Cronobactersakazakii(Accession no. MN814025) and was deposited in NCBI, GenBank. Figure 1 shows the original phylogenic tree of Cronobactersakazakiiwith other closely related species. Evolutionary analysis was carried out by using MEGA X and the history inferred by neighborhood-joining method.[32]The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site.[26]The increasing emergence of endophytes in diverse applications due to their novel bioactive compounds has led to their isolation in different sources including medicinal plants. Studies have showed the isolation of bacteria species of the genusCronobater as endophytes from plant source such asAloe vera,[33]Oleaferruginea, Withaniacoagulans,[34]and Agave tequilana,[35]
Isolation of endophytic bacteria from the medicinal, forestal and ornamental tree Handroanthus impetiginosus
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Mauro Enrique Yarte, María Inés Gismondi, Berta Elizabet Llorente, Ezequiel Enrique Larraburu
There is limited information on plant growth promoting microorganisms isolated from pink lapacho. In our knowledge, there are only few studies on the isolation of endophytic fungi from species of the genera Handroanthus and Tabebuia (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, particularly related to those producers of secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest [9]. Several endophytic fungi have been isolated from organs of Tabebuia argentea during studies of fungal metabolites with potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties [10]. Souza et al. [11] screened for extracellular lipase production from endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Handroanthus impetiginosus. However, there are no reports on the isolation of endophytic bacteria in these plant genera. Due to the medicinal importance of Bignonaceae species, the bioprospecting of endophytic microorganisms linked to these species is necessary. It is possible that there are endophytes that not only produce bioactive compounds of high biotechnological value [9] but also contribute to a more sustainable agricultural and forestry production. So, the aim of this work was to isolate and characterize native endophytic bacteria from leaves and roots of pink lapacho and to analyse their potential as PGPB.
Application of enzyme-assisted extraction of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Xiao-Di Ma, Xin-Guo Zhang, Si-Jia Guo, Guo-Yan Ma, Wen-Jie Liu, Nan Wang, Ming Feng, Yu Su
The plant cell wall is a dense structure composed of polysaccharides that can prevent the release of active ingredients in herbs. Nevertheless, cellulase can destroy the structure of the cell wall, contribute to the dissolution of active ingredients, and improve the efficiency of extraction.[10] Endophytes are microorganisms that are ubiquitously present in plant tissues, plant organelles, or intercellular spaces while causing no known symptoms.[15] After long-term evolution, endophytes and host plants form a close reciprocal symbiotic relationship. In addition to absorbing nutrients from the host, endophytes also have some beneficial characteristics, such as promoting plant growth and resisting pathogen invasion.[16] As speculated in our previous study,[17] specific endophytic strains may have a high activity of cellulase, which can digest plant cellulose to improve their survival opportunities. Therefore, when compared with commercial enzymes, these endophytic cellulases have a higher specificity for the plant cell wall and provide excellent results in enzyme-assisted plant extraction. In the present study, we aimed to optimize and improve traditional extraction methods by producing cellulases by endophytes that were used for the extraction of baicalin from S. baicalensis Georgi (Fig. S2). This study may help to develop a new method and improve the extraction of medically important compounds from plants by using endophyte cellulases.