China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Medical Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
After cloning so many species, the next big step would be cloning humans. Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing or previously existing human. There are two commonly discussed types of human cloning: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning involves cloning cells from an adult for use in medicine and is an active area of research, while reproductive cloning involves making cloned human beings. Such reproductive cloning has not been performed and is illegal in many countries. A third type of cloning called replacement cloning is a theoretical possibility and would be a combination of therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Replacement cloning would entail the replacement of an extensively damaged or a failed or failing body through cloning, followed by whole or partial brain transplant. The various forms of human cloning are controversial. There have been numerous demands for all progress in the human cloning field to be halted. Some people and groups oppose therapeutic cloning, but most scientific, governmental, and religious organizations oppose reproductive cloning. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and other scientific organizations have made public statements suggesting that human reproductive cloning be banned until safety issues are resolved. Serious ethical concerns have been raised by the idea that it might be possible in the future to harvest organs from clones. Some people have considered the idea of growing organs separately from a human organism. In doing this, a new organ supply could be established without the moral implications of harvesting them from humans.
Recombinant DNA technology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
Cloning is simply making one living organism from another, creating two organisms with the same exact genes. PCR enables scientists to produce billions of copies of a piece of DNA within hours. Although PCR impacts cloning technology by producing large quantities of DNA that can be cloned, PCR faces the difficulty of contamination, where a sample with unwanted genetic material can also be replicated and produce the wrong DNA.
A novel circular approach to analyze the challenges associated with micro-nano plastics and their sustainable remediation techniques
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Tejaswini Mssr, Pankaj Pathak, Lakhveer Singh, Deep Raj, D. K. Gupta
This advanced molecular technology helps in increasing the efficiency of MNPs degradation with the manipulation of the genetic material. Generally, these materials are manipulated by recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning and gene editing.[68] rDNA technology involves the identification and isolation of the desired gene (genes responsible for degradation), amplification through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then its transformation into a suitable host organism like E. coli.[69] As a result of rDNA technology, enzymes such as cutinases, laccases and peroxidases have been successfully isolated from P. chryososporium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY 4741, respectively. These enzymes can degrade PET more efficiently.
Expression and characterization of cholesterol oxidase with high thermal and pH stability from Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Noriyuki Doukyu, Yuuki Ikehata, Taichi Sasaki
Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria.[22]J. agaricidamnosum is a mushroom pathogen that has been reported to cause soft rot disease in the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus.[22] A COXase from pathogenic actinomycete Rhodococcus equi, which causes zoonotic infections in horses and foals, is thought to be a virulence factor due to its membrane-damaging property.[23] A gene sequence encoding a hypothetical COXase belonging to the VAO family has been deposited in the genome DNA sequence data of J. agaricidamnosum. In the present study, we report the molecular cloning of a COXase gene of J. agaricidamnosum, the expression and purification of the COXase, and the characteristics of the purified COXase.
Nanobodies targeting the interaction interface of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1)
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Biyan Wen, Lin Zhao, Yuchu Wang, Chuangnan Qiu, Zhimin Xu, Kunling Huang, He Zhu, Zemin Li, Huangjin Li
The human domain antibody library (Source BioScience, Nottingham, UK) was used for phage screening. Escherichia coli DH5α (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used for molecular cloning and E. coli BL21 (DE3) (Merck) was used as a host for human nanobody expression. The pET-21b vector (Merck) was used to clone the human nanobody gene. Ni-NTA, CM-Sepharose, Sephadex-G25, and Sephadex 75 columns were used for the purification of nanobodies (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK). Human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and human lung cancer A549 cells were purchased from the Chinese Academy Type Culture Collection. The human pancreas adenocarcinoma BxPC-3 cells and human mucoepidermoid pulmonary carcinoma NCI-H292 cells were purchased from the Chinese Jennio Biotech. DMEM, RPMI-1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and supplements were purchased from HyClone (Logan, UT). MPBS buffer is a PBS buffer supplemented with 5% marvel milk powder (w/v). PBST contained 0.1% Tween-20 in PBS buffer. 2 × YT medium was made by dissolving 16 g of bacto-tryptone, 10 g of yeast extract and 5 g of NaCl in 1 L of deionized water. Bacteria-tryptone (10 g), yeast extract (5 g), and NaCl (8 g) were dissolved in 800 mL of deionized water and mixed with 200 mL of 20% glucose solution (w/v). Ampicillin solution (1 mL) was then added to prepare TYE ampicillin glucose agar plates. For this, Ampicillin sodium salts were dissolved in deionized water to a concentration of 100 mg/mL and stored at −20 °C. PB consisted of NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 in deionized water.