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Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
They also noticed that trends in hypothyroidism in children aged 0–15 were rising, and that these patterns aligned very well with the data on brachygnathia in wild animals, both exhibiting a sharp peak in 2007 (Figure 7.38) approximately coincident with the changeover to salt formulations in the herbicides. Congenital hypothyroidism is common, and it is linked to other congenital disorders, for example, hearing loss427 and renal and urinary tract disorders (Figure 7.41).428 According to Kumar et al.,428 “Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common congenital endocrine disorder, affecting 1 in 3000–4000 newborns. Its incidence has increased 138% from 1978 to 2005 in New York State and 73% in the United States from 1987 to 2002.”
Tissue Fabrication and Regeneration by Cell Sheet Technology
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Yuji Haraguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Masayuki Yamato, Teruo Okano
The symptoms of some patients suffering from hormonal deficiency caused by the surgical excision of endocrine organs may be improved by continuous oral hormone administration. However, oral administration has some limitations concerning complex homeostatic mechanisms between hormones. Arauchi et al. have developed a cell therapy with cell sheet technology for an endocrine disorder, hypothyroidism.169 A rat hypothyroidism model is made by total thyroidectomy, and thyroid cell sheets are fabricated from rat thyroid gland–derived cells. During in vitro cultivation, thyroid cell sheets have typical thyroid follicle structures, which have thyroid transcription factor-1–positive epithelial cells on their inner surfaces, and there are spherical structures having numerous microvilli on the surfaces of thyroid follicles on the apical side of the sheets. In addition, after the transplantation into hypothyroidism models, the thyroid cell sheet having functional blood vessels becomes thicker than the in vitro cultured cell sheet and shows native thyroid–like morphological characters, including honeycomb-like structures of thyroid follicles and the inner surface of the follicles covered with follicular epithelial cells. While hypothyroidism models show a significant decrease of the serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4), the serum concentrations of fT3 and fT4 significantly decrease at 1 week after the transplantation of the thyroid cell sheet, and the improvement of the thyroid function is maintained for at least 1 month. These results suggest that cell sheet technology is suitable for treating hormonal deficiency caused by multifunctional endocrine organs.
Zinc Oxide Nanowires for Biosensing Applications
Published in James E. Morris, Krzysztof Iniewski, Nanoelectronic Device Applications Handbook, 2017
Anurag Gupta, Bruce C. Kim, Dawen Li, Eugene Edwards, Christina Brantley, Paul Ruffin
ZnO nanowires not only possess a large number of surface sites, owing to their nanoscale morphology, but they also provide a favorable microenvironment for retaining the bioactivity of the functionalized enzyme or antigens on the nanowire surface. The high isoelectric point (IEP) (~9.5) of these nanowires helps in immobilizing antigens with low IEP. Furthermore, the high electron mobility concomitant with the biocompatible nature of ZnO nanowires has led to a considerable thrust in the development of mediator-less implantable biosensors. Despite the potential of ZnO nanowires for biosensing applications, the literature on the subject is far from comprehensive. However, the research is catching up in the light of new challenges and development in existing biotechnology and therapeutics. Lee and coworkers demonstrated the use of the ZnO/Si surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for detecting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) antibody–antigen immunoreaction as a function of PSA concentration [30]. The immobilization of PSA on the SAW device leads to a shift in resonance frequency, which can be related to the amount of PSA detected. A detection limit of 2–10,000 ng/mL was reported. Cai and coworkers focused on the development of a pH nanosensor based on ZnO [31]. The large surface-to-volume ratio was observed to enhance the diffusion time of the analyte, concomitantly increasing the response time of the sensor. In another recent study by Ahmad and coworkers, the pH sensitivity and biochemical sensing capability of ZnO nanostructures were reported. Pt-ZnO nanospheres on a glass carbon electrode were utilized for estimating the amount of cholesterol in a solution by Ahmad and coworkers [32]. A sensitivity of 1886.4 mA M−1 cm−2 was reported. Glucose is yet another compound whose concentration in blood plays a crucial role in diseases, such as diabetes and endocrine disorder. There is compelling empirical evidence that suggests that ZnO nanowires can be appropriately tailored to provide sensitive and selective detection of glucose in blood serum. In a recent study, ZnO 1D nanostructures have been investigated as a suitable candidate for glucose sensing with a limit of detection of 1 µM [33]. Good anti-interference ability and prolonged shelf life were also observed. Gu and coworkers developed ZnO nanowire-based H2O2sensors by alternate immobilization of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and horseradish peroxidase on a nanowire surface [34]. A wide linear range and a low detection limit up to 1.9 µM were deduced. In another recent study, Ibupoto and coworkers utilized ZnO nanorods immobilized with penicillinase enzyme through N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide (ANB-NOS) cross-linking molecules, and estimated the detection limit of penicillin at 100 µM [35].
Factors associated with infertility among the Lebanese population: a cross-sectional study
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Nada Dia, Sara Mansour, Zelal Kharaba, Bassem Malaeb, Abir Sarray El Dine, Sally Kokash, Suzanne Nasser, Souheil Hallit, Diana Malaeb
The results of our study showed that endometriosis is associated with higher odds of infertility consistent with the findings from previous study. (de Ziegler et al. 2010; Prescott et al. 2016; Tanbo and Fedorcsak 2017; Hodgson et al. 2020) It has been further highlighted that women who suffer from endometriosis have a 25–40% less chance of conception and are more prone to use assisted reproductive technology to increase their chance of fecundity. (Ozkan et al. 2008; Barbosa et al. 2014; Hodgson et al. 2020) Our results revealed that women with PCOS have higher odds of infertility, which is in line with previous findings. (Bozdag et al. 2016) The underlying reason for the association between PCOS and infertility is mainly through the vicious circle of excessive androgen levels favoring the development of metabolic and endocrine disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, along with ovulatory disorders. (Escobar-Morreale 2018)
A case-control study of polychlorinated biphenyl association with metabolic and hormonal outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Edwina Brennan, Nitya Kumar, Daniel S. Drage, Thomas K. Cunningham, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Jochen F. Mueller, Stephen L. Atkin
PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age with a reported prevalence of 6 − 10%,24 and is associated with menstrual dysfunction, infertility, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.25 Given previous reports of increased risk of PCOS in women exposed to PCBs,12,13 PCOS women undergoing fertility treatment may be at greater adverse risk of the endocrine disrupting effects of these persistant organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to examine correlation of serum measurements of PCBs, and to explore the associations of PCBs with hormonal parameters in a homogenous cohort of women with and without PCOS who were age and weight matched.