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Protein-Based Nanosystems as Emerging Bioavailability Enhancers for Nutraceuticals
Published in Jyoti Ranjan Rout, Rout George Kerry, Abinash Dutta, Biotechnological Advances for Microbiology, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology, 2022
Rohini Samadarsi, Debjani Dutta
Elastin an essential component in connective tissue enables maintaining the elasticity of the skin and tensile strength of the underlying tissues. Formation of desmosine and isodesmosine results from oxidative deami-nation of lysine that can crosslink elastin. Two types of polypeptides derived from elastin are used in nutraceutical delivery system, namely, (1) α-o elastin, which undergoes aggregation under certain selective conditions, and (2) elastin-like polypeptides, derived from tropoelastin, a precursor synthesized during the development of desmosine and isodesmosine which aggregates at elevated temperature. The elastin-like polypeptides are highly soluble. Wu et al. (2009) synthesized elastin nanoparticles for the sustained release nutraceutical by electrospraying method.
Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Published in Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Tissue Engineering, 2022
Blessing Atim Aderibigbe, Shesan John Owonubi
Elastin is useful for soft-tissue replacement due to its biocompatibility and biostability. Elastin hydrogel loaded with endothelial cell and mesenchymal stem cells followed by the addition of fibronectin to the surface of the hydrogel resulted in cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration, which was enhanced by the addition of fibronectin. High-cell viability further indicated the potential application of elastin for artificial blood vessels (Ravi et al., 2012). A 3D tubular-shaped composite-layered scaffold with high surface roughness due to the nanofibrous layer and the good biophysical properties resulting from the microfibrous layer was sprayed with elastin proteins. The composite exhibited antithrombogenic surface with the potential to overcome thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia (Jang et al., 2014).
Polymer Materials for Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Iriczalli Cruz Maya, Vincenzo Guarino
Elastin is the second most common protein in ECM, being responsible for the elasticity and resilience of tissues. Elastin is characterized by its hydrophobic nature due to several amino acids in its composition. The precursor of elastin is tropoelastin, characterized by hydrophobic domains, composed basically by alanine, proline, valine, leucine, isoleucine and glycine conferring the elasticity of protein (Rodriguez-Cabello et al. 2018). The elastin lacks RGD motifs, however, it is recognized by integrins, as integrin αvβ5 allowing integrin-mediated cell adhesion (Lee et al. 2014). Elastin has been widely studied to create biomaterials for applications where elasticity is required, as wound dressing, arterial or vascular applications, lung and cartilage (Grover et al. 2012; Milleret et al. 2012; Minardi et al. 2016).
Regenerated silk fibroin loaded with natural additives: a sustainable approach towards health care
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Niranjana Jaya Prakash, Xungai Wang, Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
Loss of cardiac muscle cells following laceration reduces the heart activity, leading to morbidity as well as mortality. One potential treatment is to design a patient-specific artificial heart or a heart patch in a test tube, followed by its implantion. Studies have beeen reported on the utilization of silk fibers containing chitosan or hyaluronic acid seeded with the mouse mesenchymal stem cells for the development of cardiac patches [105]. A. mylitta silk protein fiber scaffolds developed with the aid of additive manufacturing technology also showed satisfactory results without the use of any other extracellular matrix materials, generating cardio-patches of rat cardiomyocytes in vitro [106]. The key issues that need to be addressed in the development of cardiac patches using silk fibroin is the development appropriate silk or silk-based biomaterials that support the mechanical strength of the heart valves [107]. Further, the formation of elastin using a co-culture system with fibroblast cells, using human serum or platelet lysates in in-vitro culture can minimize rejection of tissue engineering grafts.
Application of an in silico approach identifies a genetic locus within ITGB2, and its interactions with HSPG2 and FGF9, to be associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Senanile B. Dlamini, Colleen J. Saunders, Mary-Jessica N. Laguette, Andrea Gibbon, Junaid Gamieldien, Malcolm Collins, Alison V. September
No independent associations were identified for HSPG2. HSPG2 encodes for perlecan, a major heparin sulfate proteoglycan found in basement membranes which has been implicated to play a key role in binding and delivering growth factors such as platelet derived and fibroblast growth factors to the extracellular space (Melrose et al., 2006). Evidence suggests it plays a role in facilitating (i) several cellular environmental interactions and (ii) interactions between several extracellular matrix (ECM) components and thereby it may contribute to regulating tissue homeostasis (Melrose et al., 2006; Whitelock & Iozzo, 2005). Perlecan is composed of five domains each with specific functions, the rs2291826 and rs2291827 variants localise within the third domain responsible for cell surface binding and secretion into the extracellular space (Colognato & Yurchenco, 2000; Melrose et al., 2006). The function of these SNPs has not been investigated in ACL ruptures. It is interesting to note that perlecan and elastin were found to colocalise within connective tissues such as the ACL attachment regions to bone, paraspinal stromal tissues and synovial tissues of the bovine knee joint (Hayes et al., 2011). These findings suggest the potential significant interactive properties between the two proteins and importance of perlecan in contributing to ligament elasticity. Elastin is regarded as one of the major structural components of elastic fibres that give tendons and ligaments elastic recoil properties (Hayes et al., 2011).
Adverse cardiovascular effects of exposure to cadmium and mercury alone and in combination on the cardiac tissue and aorta of Sprague–Dawley rats
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2021
Sandra Arbi, Megan Jean Bester, Liselle Pretorius, Hester Magdalena Oberholzer
Elastin degradation is associated with progressive aortic stiffening that leads to an increase in pulse pressure and a continuous pattern of stiffening effects further increases the risk for cardiovascular events.[3,5] In progeria, premature aging leads to accelerated vascular stiffening or vascular aging.A disordered arrangement of elastin fibers was noted in the current study, presenting as large gaps and irregular connected layers in the metal exposed groups (Figure 6) indicating that metal exposure is a risk factor for premature arterial aging and the development of CVD.