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Disinfecting Agents
Published in James Agalloco, Phil DeSantis, Anthony Grilli, Anthony Pavell, Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 2021
A disinfectant is a chemical or physical agent that destroys or removes vegetative forms of harmful microorganisms. Determined by the US EPA as a 106 reduction of Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on stainless-steel penicylinders with the presence of a soil load. For example: phenol or quats.
Membrane Fouling, Cleaning, and Sanitization
Published in Maik W. Jornitz, Theodore H. Meltzer, Sterile Filtration, 2020
Maik W. Jornitz, Theodore H. Meltzer
A disinfectant is an agent used to destroy organisms capable of producing disease or infection. By definition, a sanitizer is an agent that reduces bacterial populations on inanimate surfaces (Denny et al., 1999) to levels mandated by public health or other applicational considerations. The two differ, but often the same reagent is used for both. Thus, Denny and Marsik (1997) state, on the basis of a Parenteral Drug Association (PDA) survey of 26 respondents out of the 167 pharmaceutical companies addressed, that the most commonly used disinfectants are, in decreasing order, alcohol, phenolics, hypochlorite, quaternary ammonium compounds, and hydrogen peroxide. Fewer than 50% used peracetic acid, gluteraldehyde, formaldehyde, or iodine. Among sporicides, sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used, followed by glutaraldehyde and vaporized hydrogen peroxide.
Disinfecting Agents
Published in Jeanne Moldenhauer, Disinfection and Decontamination, 2018
Disinfectant is a chemical or physical agent that destroys or removes vegetative forms of harmful microorganisms. Determined by the US EPA as 106 reduction of Salmonella cholerasuis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on stainless penicylinders with the presence of a soil load. For example: phenol or quats.
Efficacy of detergent-based cleaning methods against coronavirus MHV-A59 on porous and non-porous surfaces
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2022
Rachael L. Hardison, Sarah W. Nelson, Daniela Barriga, Jessica M. Ghere, Gabrielle A. Fenton, Ryan R. James, Michael J. Stewart, Sang Don Lee, M. Worth Calfee, Shawn P. Ryan, Megan W. Howard
The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the resulting 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, has highlighted the need for evidence-based guidelines to reduce viral transmission. While SARS-CoV-2 is now known to be primarily transmitted via respiratory droplet transmission (Kampf et al. 2020; CDC 2021), a proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections may occur from surface transmission from contaminated objects and surfaces. While SARS-CoV-2 transmission from contaminated surfaces is thought to be low, some degree of transmission is through direct or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces (CDC 2021). This transmission depends on several factors: material type (porous vs. non-porous), surface stability of the virus, and infectious dose (Biryukov et al. 2020; Harvey et al. 2021; Kratzel et al. 2020; Chatterjee et al. 2021; Wilson et al. 2021). During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous countermeasures, including routine cleaning and disinfection with an EPA-approved disinfectant, were recommended. More recently, updated guidance provided by CDC suggested routine cleaning without disinfection was sufficient for most circumstances.
Investigation of sterilization by a microwave-generated low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Published in Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 2022
Wenjie Fu, Chaoyang Zhang, Xiaotong Guan, Xiaoyun Li, Yang Yan
In these developing applications, sterilization has market prospects and is seen as a preamble to research. In the face of the frequent occurrence of influenza and various infections germs, the disinfectors and sanitizers are used extensively in industry and in human daily life (Donaghy et al. 2019). However, the widespread use of chemical disinfectants is not only unfriendly to the environment, but may also cause harm to humans (Kampf et al. 2020; Manasfi et al. 2017; Wagner and Plewa 2017). Especially, the pathogenic microorganism’s resistance to antibiotics or antifungals has rapidly grown due to excessive use of antibiotics and antifungals (McKenna 2013; Willyard 2017), which means that bacteria will become increasingly difficult to kill. Physical sterilization could overcome these disadvantages of chemical sterilization and avoid chemical pollution. Conventional physical sterilization methods include heat, radiation, filtration, etc. Among those methods, plasma sterilization is a novel method. In the early stage of plasma sterilization investigation, plasma sterilization has been carried in vacuum chamber, such as Deilmann et al (Deilmann et al. 2008) researched low-pressure microwave plasma sterilization of polyethylene terephthalate bottles. In recent decades, APPJ driven by DC, AC and RF has been attempted successively (Masaoka 2007; Kolb et al. 2008; Baik et al. 2013). In our previous work, A MAPPJ based on a dual coaxial composite structure is developed, which not only achieve high efficiency, but also makes the MAPPJ hand-held, generating a cold plasma which can be touched by hand, with a controllable and stable length. This implies that this is a promising method to perform sterilization.
Do ozone and boric acid affect microleakage in class V composite restorations?
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2019
Suzan Cangul, Zehra Susgun Yildirim, Emrullah Bahsi, Savas Sagmak, Omer Satici
Disinfectant solutions such as chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), sodium hypochloride (NaOCl), dehydrated disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), iodine-potassium iodide, and benzalkonium chloride (Dallı et al. 2009) are currently widely used for this purpose. Alternatively, laser, ozone, and boric acid can also be used to eliminate or reduce bacteria from the cavity (Elkassas, Fawzi, and El Zohairy 2014). Before using cavity disinfectants on dental tissue, evaluations must be made in respect of the antibacterial efficacy, bond strength, and microleakage.