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Air pollution and climate change
Published in Abhishek Tiwary, Ian Williams, Air Pollution, 2018
Throughout the twenty-first century, there is expected to be increase in ill-health in many regions and especially in developing countries with low income, as compared to a baseline without climate change (high confidence). Include greater likelihood of injury and death due to more intense heat waves and fires, increased risks from foodborne and waterborne diseases and loss of work capacity and reduced labour productivity in vulnerable populations (high confidence). Risks of undernutrition in poor regions will increase (high confidence). Risks from vector-borne diseases are projected to generally increase with warming, due to the extension of the infection area and season, despite reductions in some areas that become too hot for disease vectors (medium confidence). Globally, the magnitude and severity of negative impacts will increasingly outweigh positive impacts (high confidence). By 2100 for RCP8.5, the combination of high temperature and humidity in some areas for parts of the year is expected to compromise common human activities, including growing food and working outdoors (high confidence).
Human health and safety related to urban aquatic habitats
Published in Iwona Wagner, Jiri Marsalek, Pascal Breil, Aquatic Habitats in Sustainable Urban Water Management, 2014
Many disease vectors are typically small and otherwise harmless animals, such as mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes require human or animal blood to develop their eggs. In the process of taking blood, mosquitoes can ingest pathogens causing malaria from an infected person or animal and pass the pathogen onto the next person. All mosquitoes go through an aquatic larval stage, generally using standing or slowly running clean freshwater for breeding sites. The destruction of habitats and breeding sites reduces adult and larval populations (Peter et al., 2005). Two groups of mosquito-borne diseases are particularly common: malaria and arboviral diseases; the second group of diseases includes yellow fever, dengue and various types of encephalitis (Stanier et al., 1983).
Impact of Climate Change on Economic and Sociopolitical Aspects
Published in Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Akhlaq Amin Wani, Climate Change Alleviation for Sustainable Progression, 2022
Abolfazl Jalali Shahrood, Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Akhlaq Amin Wani, Mohammad Amin Bhat
Extreme heat is one of the most dangerous environmental phenomena impacting city inhabitants worldwide (Tan et al., 2007; Mitchell et al., 2016; Bi et al., 2011). Further heat-related illness and mortality will arise as the temperature variation decreases when the atmosphere changes. Changes in temperatures and plummeting trends often demonstrate that the distribution of disease-vectors (e.g. mosquito-carrying malaria) can be modified and that diarrhoeal and infectious diseases will theoretically increase (Kalkstein et al., 2009; Kirshen et al., 2008; Kalkstein et al., 2008).
Infrared imaging a new non-invasive machine learning technology for animal husbandry
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2020
Manasee Choudhury, Tulika Saikia, Santanu Banik, Girish Patil, Seema Rani Pegu, Swaraj Rajkhowa, Arnab Sen, Pranab Jyoti Das
Temperature increases owing to global warming are expected to cause an increase in animal diseases that are spread by insects and vectors. Alteration in rainfall and temperature pattern may affect both the distribution and abundance of disease vectors [14]. Climate change has resulted in various impacts on the critical vectors of livestock disease in the tropics like midges, flies, ticks, mosquitoes, and tse-tse [14]. Global warming is affecting the pattern of disease outbreak as vector-borne diseases like blue tongue and new areas are coming into the net of some diseases unknown to the area like the emergence of mosquito-borne diseases (e.g. Rift valley fever) in the areas where previously they could not breed effectively to be present there [15]. Viral diseases are more susceptible to climate change as they can endure a rapid change in their adaptation leading to variation in disease pattern as exhibited by African horse sickness, blue tongue, PRRS (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome), FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease), etc [16]. Frequency and occurrence of mastitis and foot diseases affecting crossbred cows, pigs, and other animals may accelerate due to the increase in the number of stressful days.
Updated assessment of occupational safety and health hazards of climate change
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2023
P. A. Schulte, B. L. Jacklitsch, A. Bhattacharya, H. Chun, N. Edwards, K. C. Elliott, M. A. Flynn, R. Guerin, L. Hodson, J. M. Lincoln, K. L. MacMahon, S. Pendergrass, J. Siven, J. Vietas
Infectious diseases, including zoonotic diseases, are affected by changing environments. Climate change can alter the habitat and geographic distribution of disease vectors and other biological hazards. Outdoor workers are at the highest risk of exposure. Table 1 provides additional details on selected at-risk worker populations for these hazards and associated diseases.