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Silica/Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles for Imaging and Therapy
Published in Feng Chen, Weibo Cai, Hybrid Nanomaterials, 2017
Silica and gold are some of the oldest materials known to man. Gold has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries even going back to the age of the ancient Chinese and Egyptians (Antonovych 1981; Lewis and Walz 1982). Multiple gold elixirs were used in the Middle Ages and 17th-19th century practitioners used gold to treat fevers and syphilis (Fricker 1996). The use of gold was first reported in modern medicine in 1890 by the German bacteriologist Robert Koch who identified the toxic effects that gold cyanide has on tubercle bacillus (Antonovych 1981), which led to the use of gold as a treatment for tuberculosis in the early 1900s. This was extended to rheumatoid arthritis in 1927, which was considered to be a form of tuberculosis at the time (Merchant 1998). Although no benefits were ever shown from gold therapy in tuberculosis patients, multiple reports showed utility in rheumatism and arthritic patients (Clark et al. 2000; Fricker 1996). Subsequently, gold therapy has been expanded to include juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (Ujfalussy et al. 2003) and discoid lupus erythematosus (Champion et al. 1990; Dalziel et al. 1986). While still approved and available under trade names such as Aurolate, Auranofin and Aurolate, gold-based therapy has largely been replaced by other drugs. Other uses of gold in medicine include dentistry (Belies 1994) as well as ophthalmology (Bair et al. 1995) and gold-coated coronary stents (Kastrati et al. 2000) and renal stents (Nolan et al. 2005).
Evaluation of the black soybean hulls agro-industrial waste for chloroquine removal from aqueous medium and treatment of multi-components
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Eduarda Freitas Diogo Januário, Taynara Basso Vidovix, Camila Andressa Bissaro, Rafael Oliveira Defendi, Luiz Mário de Matos Jorge, Rosângela Bergamasco, Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo Vieira
Several types of pollutants are detected in surface water, such as heavy metals,[3] dyes,[4] pharmaceuticals,[5] and other emerging contaminants.[6] Chloroquine (CQN) is a drug known as an immunomodulator, as it provides an increase in the immune response against certain microorganisms. It has been the cornerstone of malaria treatment for several years, remaining so in many places of the world. Moreover, it is indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus, various parasitic infections and extra-intestinal amebiasis.[7,8] It is noteworthy that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the use of this drug, due to its putative benefit for the COVID-19 treatment.[9] However, the CQN presents high toxicity, and its presence in water bodies can cause worrying side effects to human health, such as cardiac arrhythmia, renal complications and damage to eye health.[10]