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Demineralized Dentin Matrix (DDM) Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Engineering
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Jong-Ho Lee, Young-Kyun Kim, Masaru Murata, In-Woong Um
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a type of allograft that is produced through a reprocess of human bone that involves the demineralization by acid extraction of cortical bone from other human beings. DBM is considered more osteoinductive than ordinary allograft such as mineralized bone. As far as we understood, it has been speculated that the osteoinductive growth factors contained in the extracellular bone matrix are more easily accessed and unshielded once the mineral phase of the bone has been removed by demineralization.20
Reduction and Fixation of Sacroiliac joint Dislocation by the Combined Use of S1 Pedicle Screws and an Iliac Rod
Published in Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Michael J. Yaszemski, Augustus A. White, Advances in Spinal Fusion, 2003
Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Michael J. Yaszemski, Augustus A. White
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a composite of collagenous and noncollagenous proteins that contain bone growth factors. These factors present following mineral extraction of bone by biochemical processes. DBM may serve as both a bone graft enhancer and expander in spinal fusions. The osteoinductive potential of DBM is related to the presence of several osteoinductive proteins and growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein and transforming growth factor (TGF-β), TGF-β has a similar, yet less intense, physiological activity compared to BMP. Bone morphogenetic protein activity promotes bone formation via proliferative, angiogenic, and matrix-forming stimulation of osteoblastic cell lines [1]. The bone-forming cascade triggered by osteoinductive demineralized bone matrix was observed histologically [1]; this osteoinductive response was evident by day 14, when host mesenchymal cells are converted to chondroblasts and cartilage is formed within the implanted demineralized bone matrix. By day 28, bone formation begins as vascularization increases. At this time osteoblasts are clearly visible histologically within the regions of new bone formation. New woven bone is formed on the surface of mineralized cartilage. Demineralized bone matrix is currently available in four preparations [13]: powder, gel, putty, and flexible sheets. While demineralized bone matrix demonstrates bone-forming properties, the concentration of osteoinductive material is far less than that available with recombinant h-BMP. In addition, the concentration of BMP within each commercially available preparation of DBM varies considerably, as does the carrier (glycerol) and its retention at the fusion site (water solubility). Autologous Growth Factors (TGF-β, IGF)
A dual synergistic effect of titanium and curcumin co-embedded on extracellular matrix hydrogels of decellularized bone: Potential application in osteoblastic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Halimeh Amirazad, Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat, Nosratollah Zarghami
We bought a fresh bovine femur derived from a 20-month-old cow from a skilled butcher (Tabriz, Iran). The bones were obtained in sliced form and were divided into two groups, compact and spongy. Spongy classes were utilized. To preserve their osteoinductive property, bones should either be used as soon as received or stored at −20 °C. Spongy lipids and waste materials were cleaned for 72 h using a hydrogen peroxide solution (6%). Then, the bones were vacuum-dried at 50 °C for 24 h and rinsed with PBS containing gentamicin (0.1% w/v). These bones were immersed in liquid nitrogen and sectioned to generate a suitable size of nearly 4 × 4 ×4 mm. The bone fragments were rinsed with water, immersed in liquid nitrogen, and powdered in a coffee mill (Krups F203). Bone powders were soaked in hydrogen chloride (0.5 N) for 72 h to eliminate phosphate, calcium, and other minerals. The demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was created when these bone pieces were lyophilized after being submerged in ethanol (70%) for 24 h. DBM washed with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) before being submerged in citric acid (0.6 N) for 72 h and then adjusted to pH 7.0 with distilled water for decellularization. In this step, a bone decellularized extracellular matrix (bdECM) was prepared. The bdECM was then transferred to PBS containing streptomycin/penicillin (1% w/v) during continuous agitation for 24 h at 4° C to eliminate residual cellular components. bdECM was stored at −20 °C after lyophilisation [7].
Design of a RADA16-based self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold for biomedical applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Rongrong Wang, Zhaoyue Wang, Yayuan Guo, Hongmin Li, Zhuoyue Chen
Some researchers have also physically mixed functional peptides with RADA16 and achieved significant results, e.g., the study by Yang et al. [10], who mixed 1% RADA16 with different concentrations of cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in a centrifuge tube to make a RADA16-AMP polypeptide mixture. In vitro studies have shown that this new self-assembled hydrogel can promote the proliferation of BMSCs and inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. More importantly, in vivo experiments have also shown that RADA16-AMP self-assembling peptides have a great effect on bone formation. Li et al. [74] used RADA16 to modify demineralized bone matrix and repair femoral defects in goats. The technique provides a feasible and efficient method for clinical bone construction [74].
Device solutions for a challenging spine surgery: minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF)
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Arash J. Sayari, Dil V. Patel, Joon S. Yoo, Kern Singh
Autologous bone marrow aspirate (BMA) can be easily obtained using minimally invasive techniques from the iliac crest or vertebral body. BMA is concentrated with MSC that can differentiate into osteoblasts and promote medullary osteogenesis. Much of the concerns of BMA surround its semi-liquid state and tendency to migrate from the interbody device. Additionally, the true number of stem cells from BMA is variable and may be as few as one in a million in the elderly [55]. Therefore, BMA is often combined with demineralized bone matrix, local autograft, or recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2), which has demonstrated fusion rates of 93–94%. In relation, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is another modality that is currently being investigated. PRP contains inflammatory cytokines that have been sought to improve bone growth when mixed with other graft options [54].