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Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
Cyanosis – is a bluish discolouration, of the skin and mucous membranes, caused by an excessive concentration of deoxygenated haemoglobin (haemoglobin not bound to oxygen) in the blood. A point of interest to those particularly in countries where anaemia is very common: the haemoglobin levels may be so low, that the amount of haemoglobin without oxygen (deoxygenated haemoglobin) would be insufficient to cause cyanosis.
General Safety Practices
Published in James P. Lodge, Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis, 2017
Cyanosis. This causes a bluish cast to the lips and fingernails, dizziness and headache, and may not appear until several hours after exposure. The consumption of alcoholic beverages will often aggravate the condition. The patient should be kept quiet and a physician summoned. Oxygen should be administered to help breathing. Cyanosis can be fatal; prompt treatment is essential.
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
David J. Baker, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, Jill R. Meara, John O’Hagan, Neil P. McColl, Caryn L. Cox
Cyanosis is a bluish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes, caused by an excessive concentration of deoxygenated haemoglobin (haemoglobin not bound to oxygen) in the blood. A point of interest to those particularly in countries where anaemia is very common: the haemoglobin levels may be so low, that the amount of haemoglobin without oxygen (deoxygenated haemoglobin) would be insufficient to cause cyanosis.
Bioremoval of methylene blue dye using chitosan stabilized Pickering emulsion liquid membrane: optimization by Box–Behnken response surface design
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Debosmita Sharmmah, Kasthuri Bidakar, Jerold M
Previously, dyes were manufactured naturally, but now synthetic dyes have various coloring mediator like direct, reactive, vat, sulfide, azo, acid, and cationic dye causes contamination in the effluents discharged from the industries.[10] Methylene blue (MB) is cationic dye a highly soluble, synthetic aromatic azo dye used commonly in the textile, printing industry for different dyeing purpose. It has of one or more azo (−N = N−) groups and sulfonic (SO3−) as functional groups.[11] It functions as a marker and preservative in the chemical industry. It is also used for dyeing fibers. It is used as an indicator and stabilizer in the chemical industry. The exposure of MB can cause vomiting, increased heart rate, cyanosis, jaundice, shock, sneezing and quadriplegia, and tissue death in human.[12] Considering the harmful effects of MB, it is highly mandated to remove the dyes from the wastewater discharged into the environment.
Porous polyurethane hydrogels incorporated with CMC for eliminating methylene blue from water
Published in International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials, 2023
Li Wang, Qing Yang, Yong Yang, Kun Luo, Ruqing Bai
With the rapid development of economy and industrial civilization, water contamination has become one of the most serious environmental issue that hazard people’s health and balance of nature [1]. The accumulation of industrial production dyes in water is persistent in the natural environment and it is very difficult to eliminate these micropollutants [2], which pose a great threat to the environment [3]. Methylene blue is a typical cationic dye, which causes not only great harm to the environment but also harmful to the human body, such as nausea, shock, and potential cancer risk [4]. This dye causes eye burns, breathing disorders, heart rate increases, shock, cyanosis, jaundice, quadriplegia, tissue necrosis, nausea, vomiting, mental confusion, painful micturition, and methemoglobinemia [5,6].
Use of cationic p[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride in hydrogel synthesis and adsorption of methyl orange with jeffamine based crosslinker
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
On the other hand, dyes can be classified based on their sources, chemical and core structures. According to their sources, natural and synthetic, chemically based on chromophore and auxochrome structures, and can be divided into subclasses according to their core charges as anionic and cationic.[31] Among these classifications, anionic dyes are frequently preferred with their bright colors and color durability. Methyl orange (C14H14N3NaO3S) (MO) is one of the dyes with an acidic anionic mono-azo chemical structure.[32] Like other organic azo dyes, it has a toxic and non-degradable nature. Exposure can cause increased heart rate, vomiting, shock, cyanosis, jaundice, quadriplegia, and tissue necrosis (Oral LD50 ¼ 60 mg/kg in rat), and death in severe exposure.[33] Iwuozor et al.[34] reported in their review studies, that the frequency of adsorbents usage may be due to the water retention and high surface areas of the selected adsorbent. It points out that the preferred adsorbents in the last five years are, in order of choice, composites > nanoparticles > polymers and resins > clay and minerals > activated carbon > bio sorbents > biochars.