China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Determinants of health complaints of Bodetabek commuter workers using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression
Published in Yuli Rahmawati, Peter Charles Taylor, Empowering Science and Mathematics for Global Competitiveness, 2019
Commuter workers who experience stress due to travel are 2.4 times more likely to experience health complaints as compared to those who not experience stress. This could be explained by the fact that chronic exposure to stress can reduce circulating lymphocytes (white blood cells that fight disease) and increase levels of the hormone cortisol, a substance that suppresses the function of the immune system (Baron & Branscombe, 2012). As a result, the body becomes more susceptible to an illness. In line with stress due to travel, commuter workers who ever experience severe congestion are 1.9 times more likely to experience health complaints than those who never experience severe congestion. Traffic congestion will increase exposure to vehicle emissions. Exposure to pollutants could cause respiratory and cardiovascular disease (Wener & Evans, 2011b).
Human scale sustainable design
Published in Rob Fleming, Saglinda H Roberts, Sustainable Design for the Built Environment, 2019
Rob Fleming, Saglinda H Roberts
We also explored in Chapter 6 how the materials used either as finishes, structural elements, or furnishings could cause psychological and physiological changes. According to FP Innovations in their studies regarding the use of wood in medical, office, and school settings, some of the benefits that are associated with exposure to wood are as follows: Reduced stress levels, measured with cortisol, which is a chemical produced by the adrenal gland and is elevated in response to physical or psychological stress. Long-term elevation of cortisol levels can cause many different health risks from heart problems, to weight gain to insomnia.Lower blood pressure increases the ability to concentrate, lowers pain perception, or speed recovery times. It actually changes our alpha brain waves improving the ability for focused, creative work.Melatonin production was found to be higher in a bedroom setting when there was light reflected off its surface. This implies that it would be better for sleeping than other materials.
Closing Remarks: Realization of Existing Capabilities in Sustaining Performance
Published in Steven Kornguth, Rebecca Steinberg, Michael D. Matthews, Neurocognitive and Physiological Factors During High-Tempo Operations, 2018
Rebecca M. Steinberg, Michael D. Matthews, Steve Kornguth
Evidence provided in this book and elsewhere suggests that certain innate factors and life experiences can impact a soldier’s ability to maintain functionality during intense stress. These factors fall into two general categories: stable traits and changeable traits. Stable traits do not change over time. For example, heritable DNA code is unchangeable without risky interventions such as gene therapy. Certain mutations or polymorphisms in the genetic code can modify overall performance by affecting neuronal signal transmission, altering drug and toxin metabolism, or impacting neuromuscular coordination or cardiovascular efficiency during stress and fatigue. Although the DNA code is immutable, the downstream effects of different gene polymorphisms can still be augmented through neuroergonomic and pharmaceutical interventions. Changeable factors relating to stress reactivity include baseline and event-reactive hormone release. A classic example of this is baseline (morning) serum cortisol, which can be altered by psychological stress, poor diet, and sleep deprivation. Altered cortisol levels can in turn impact immunity to diseases, reactivity to further stressors, and cardiovascular metrics.
Effect of novel recovery garments utilising nanodiamond- and nanoplatinum-coated materials (DPV576-C) on physical and psychological stress in baseball players: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Youngju Choi, Mizuho Makita, Yuki Nakamura, Kousaku Yamamoto, Takaaki Nara, Takashi Kawamura, Hidehiro Fukuda, Hideki Katano, Shumpei Miyakawa, Seiji Maeda
The most frequently used method for assessing exercise-related stress is the determination of circulating levels of hormones, such as cortisol (Newcomer et al., 1999), which is known to have immunomodulatory effects (Steensberg, Fischer, Keller, Moller, & Pedersen, 2003). Therefore, we used cortisol levels as a marker of physical stress in the present study. Cortisol plays a central role in physiological and psychological responses to stress, with the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis stimulating its release from the adrenal cortex (McEwen, 2007). Lower cortisol concentrations may indicate greater resilience to stressful situations (Stansbury & Gunnar, 1994), and sleep quality affects cortisol responses (Bassett, Lupis, Gianferante, Rohleder, & Wokf, 2015). No significant change in the total PSQI score (i.e. sleep quality) was found in either the RG or the placebo group (RG group: mean 5.5, s x - = 0.4 to mean 5.5, s x - = 0.4; placebo group: mean 6.0, s x - = 0.5 to mean 6.0, s x - = 0.5, respectively; P > 0.05 for both), suggesting that sleep quality could not have affected the cortisol levels in this study. Therefore, the decreased cortisol level found in athletes wearing the DPV576-C garments overnight might have enhanced their recovery from the intensified training-induced stress.
Serum cortisol but not oxidative stress biomarkers are related to frailty: results of a cross-sectional study in Spanish older adults
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Diego Marcos-Pérez, María Sánchez-Flores, Ana Maseda, Laura Lorenzo-López, José C. Millán-Calenti, Eduardo Pásaro, Blanca Laffon, Vanessa Valdiglesias
Frailty in older adults was reported to be associated with higher concentrations of inflammatory parameters including, among others, interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) (Marcos-Pérez et al. 2018; Soysal et al. 2016). Since cytokines such as IL6 and TNFα are well-known activators of the HPA axis (Turnbull and Rivier 1999), elevation in cortisol concentrations related to frailty might involve chronic inflammation responses. It is noteworthy that catabolic effects of cortisol are related to loss of muscle strength and mass, weight loss, and decreased appetite and energy (Attaix et al. 2005). All these consequences, which are classic frailty phenotypic traits, provide additional reinforcement to the involvement of cortisol (and HPA axis) upregulation in frailty status.
Mindfulness training attenuates the increase in salivary cortisol concentration associated with competition in highly trained wheelchair-basketball players
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2018
Luke A. MacDonald, Clare L. Minahan
Increases in physical and/or psychological stress can result in the chronic elevation of the hormone cortisol at rest. Indeed, prolonged elevations in basal cortisol concentration generally reflect long-term training as well as competition stress, and have been linked to overtraining syndrome prevalence in athletes (Eichner, 1995; Kellmann, 2010). Furthermore, prolonged periods of intensified intermittent strenuous exercise, competition and training also pose a challenge to mucosal immune function as observed by decreased resting levels of secretory salivary Immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) in elite athletes (Libicz, Mercier, Bigou, Le Gallais, & Castex, 2006). Reductions in sIgA have been identified as a risk factor of subsequent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) incidence in elite athletes (Gleeson et al., 2012). Therefore, the measurements of cortisol and sIgA are useful monitoring tools for the management of training and competition loads as well as appropriate recovery strategies during a competition period to maintain physical and mental well-being and optimise sports performance.