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Nanomaterials-Based Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare
Published in Sibel A. Ozkan, Bengi Uslu, Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk, Biosensors, 2023
Jose Marrugo-Ramírez, L. Karadurmus, Miguel Angel Aroca, Emily P. Nguyen, Cecilia de Carvalho Castro e Silva, Giulio Rosati, Johann F. Osma, Sibel A. Ozkan, Arben Merkoçi
Cardiovascular diseases: Cardiovascular diseases are a few of the many life-threatening statuses that can be detected and efficiently cured using the wearable sensor. Wearable sensors are distinctively used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general nomenclature given to the group that includes diseases of the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease describes any disease that affects the circulatory system. These include numerous heart-related complications such as cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, etc. More than 17 million people die from CVDs each year, which is around 31% of all deaths worldwide. If the current situation is allowed to persist, it is estimated that by 2030, an estimated 23.6 million people will die from cardiovascular disease (33–39).
X-ray Vision: Diagnostic X-rays and CT Scans
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
X-ray angiography, x-ray imaging of the circulatory system with contrast media, also makes use of organic iodine compounds. Although the outline of the heart itself is visible in even an ordinary chest x-ray (Figure 5.1c), an injection of contrast media is necessary to see details of the blood vessels (Figure 5.16c). This is usually performed by means of a catheter threaded through a large vein into the blood vessel or heart chamber of interest; the injection can then be made locally, using only a small amount of contrast dye. X-ray angiography remains the “gold standard” for imaging the heart and circulatory system at high spatial resolution. Its use significantly expands the ability of diagnostic x-rays to study and treat cardiovascular disease, by far the leading cause of death in the US. For example, coronary angiography can be used to detect the narrowing of major blood vessels, which indicates the presence of coronary artery disease. This technique is important, in large part because angiography makes possible cardiac catheterization procedures, which now replace many types of open surgery on the heart and large blood vessels. These less invasive and risky procedures can be used for numerous operations – from the insertion of cardiac pacemakers to balloon angioplasty techniques for opening up blood vessels occluded by plaque.
Analysis of Heart Disease Prediction Using Various Machine Learning Techniques
Published in J. Dinesh Peter, Steven Lawrence Fernandes, Carlos Eduardo Thomaz, Advances in Computerized Analysis in Clinical and Medical Imaging, 2019
M. Marimuthu, S. Deivarani, R. Gayathri
Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease is the narrowing of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries supply oxygen and blood to the heart. It is the most common type of heart disease leading to death. High blood glucose in diabetes patients can damage blood vessels and nerves that control the heart and blood vessels. If a person has diabetes for a longer time, there are high chances for that person to have heart disease in future. With diabetes, there are other reasons that contribute to heart disease. Smoking increases the risk of developing heart disease, high blood pressure makes the heart work harder to pump blood and it can strain the heart and damage blood vessels, abnormal cholesterol levels also contribute to heart disease and obesity. Also, family history of heart disease can be another cause, which is out of scope of this chapter.
Identifying heart disease risk factors from electronic health records using an ensemble of deep learning method
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2023
Linkai Luo, Yue Wang, Daniel Y. Mo
Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In the United States, heart disease and related diseases account for more than 600,000 deaths annually (CDC, 2022). The annual total cost due to heart diseases has been reported to reach 108.9 billion dollars, including medications, medical services, and lost productivity (Heidenreich et al., 2011). The development of heart disease is complicated and depends on numerous risk factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines these as “any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury” (WHO, 2023). Medical research has indicated that risk factors related to heart disease include lifestyle factors such as smoking, hereditary factors such as family history of heart disease, and specific clinical conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension (Dokken, 2008). Identifying and reducing potential risk factors are critically important for early prevention and treatment and to reduce the incidence of heart disease worldwide.
On inlet pressure boundary conditions for CT-based computation of fractional flow reserve: clinical measurement of aortic pressure
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Jincheng Liu, Suqin Huang, Xue Wang, Bao Li, Junling Ma, Yutong Sun, Jian Liu, Youjun Liu
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (Dantas et al. 2012; Murphy et al. 2013), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for about 30% of deaths. Coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common cardiovascular disease, can lead to myocardial ischemia and even death (Abubakar et al. 2015). For example, arterial stenosis or obstruction during coronary atherosclerosis often results in myocardial ischemia. However, anatomically, there is no absolute correlation between severe coronary stenosis and functional myocardial ischemia. It has been reported that only 35% of lesions with moderate coronary stenosis (40%-80% diameter stenosis) ultimately induces severe myocardial ischemia (Pijls et al. 2010).
Solving Inverse Problem in Magnetocardiography by Pattern Search Method
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Pragyna Parimita Swain, S. Sengottuvel, Rajesh Patel, Awadhesh Mani, Raja J. Selvaraj, Santhosh Satheesh
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with reduced blood supply to the heart muscle due to the formation of plaques in the coronary arteries. These ischemic signatures are manifested in the ST segment of the cardiac cycle. The butterfly plot for a subject with CAD is shown in Figure 11. Here, the cardiac source has been analyzed by dividing the time duration from the S peak to the T peak into four equal segments and localizing the source at the end of each segment. Figure 12(a) shows the signal averaged MCG traces at 36 different locations over the anterior thorax. The MFM plotted at the T peak time instant of the cardiac cycle is shown in Figure 12(b). The corresponding PCD map is plotted in Figure 12(c). The position values of the green dot marked over the maximum gradient vector of the PCD map served as the initial estimates for the corresponding parameters of the source while solving the inverse problem. Figure 12(d) shows the reconstructed MFM produced using the inverse solutions. Similar analysis has also been performed for normal subjects to understand the case in a better way.