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Protein Adhesives
Published in A. Pizzi, K. L. Mittal, Handbook of Adhesive Technology, 2017
Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz
Because proteins from a variety of sources make good wood adhesives, understanding how they are similar and different is valuable. Proteins have been categorized based on a variety of properties. One category is based on the type of protein. Simple proteins consist of only the polymerized amino acids. Examples of these proteins include some albumins, collagens, keratins, and the glycinin in soy. Conjugated proteins, also called heteroproteins, include glycoproteins (protein plus carbohydrates are quite common, such as the conglycinin in soy) and phosphoproteins (phosphate groups added to the proteins in egg yolk and caseins). Proteins can be divided into two groups based on shape: fibrous (such as collagen and α-keratins) and globular (such as grain and legume storage proteins). Another major differentiation of proteins is albumins, which dissolve in water but not in salt solutions, compared with globulins, which dissolve in salt solutions.
A review on green approaches utilizing phytochemicals in the synthesis of vanadium nano particles and their applications
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Smriti Bansal, Ankita Singh, Deepak Poddar, Sanjeeve Thakur, Purnima Jain
Another FTIR studies revealed that the carbonyl functional groups present in the residues of amino acids and proteins had the more robust tendency to bind with the metal surfaces, i.e., metallic nanoparticles were protected from the proteins, which could be possible only when proteins behave as a capping agent and prevents them from agglomeration and helps them in attaining stability. It was possible only when free amino groups of proteins or cysteine residues are available for capping. It was also confirmed that terpenoids are actively existing in the leaf extract of geranium involved in forming gold nanoparticles.[32] Synthesis of silver NPs (SNPs) using leaf extract of Ficus benghalensis had been analyzed which indicates that agglomeration or aggregation may also occurs due to the formation of intermolecular H-bonds between surface-conjugated protein molecules of different particles protonated functional groups. These findings imply that the primary mechanism stabilizing SNPs is an electrostatic mechanism.[33]
Avidin-Biotin functionalized self-assembled protein nanoparticles as EGFR targeted therapeutics for the treatment of lung cancer: characterization and cell viability
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Drishti Panjwani, Shruti Patel, Deepak Mishra, Viral Patel, MangeRam Yadav, Abhay Dharamsi, Asha Patel
Biotinylated protein particles (0.1 g) were dispersed in sodium bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.6, 25 mM, 100 mL) under ultrasonication for 10 minutes, and 1 mL of the suspension was combined with streptavidin (1 mg) in 9 mL of the same buffer and further incubated for 2 h in the dark. After incubation the prepared conjugated nanoparticles were deposited by centrifugation and were washed with same buffer to remove excess of streptavidin. This streptavidin solution is added dropwise at a volume of 30 µl aliquot by using micropipette in the above biotinylated solution of BSA-NPs. The prepared conjugated nanoparticles were freeze dried for 24 h. The lyophilized Biotinylated-Streptavidin conjugated protein nanoparticles were stored at 4 °C. The particle size and zeta potential for Gef-BSA-NPs and Bio-Stv-Gef-BSANPs are shown in Figure S2a–d [Supplementary information]
Overview of the application of inorganic nanomaterials in breast cancer diagnosis
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Asghar Ashrafi Hafez, Ahmad Salimi, Zhaleh Jamali, Mohammad Shabani, Hiva Sheikhghaderi
The breast cancer contains some proteins as biomarkers that can be identified specifically by smart inorganic nanomaterials. Furthermore, their surface capability of modifying and targeting by a biocompatible function tends to conjugated protein in the breast cancer.[26] For example, modified QDs by antibodies are able to label and identify the accurate location of the breast cancer simultaneously.[27] Similarly, due to unique optical properties, especially the surface plasmonic resonance of noble metal nanoparticles both Au and Ag nanoparticles-based imaging probes are used widely in optical imaging technique.[28] Moreover, an outstanding development has occurred in the breast cancer diagnosis by emerging multifunctional nanomaterial. The usage of multifunctional nanomaterials created a 3D image of cancer with a high-resolution and a great contrast in molecular imaging. Despite all these improvements, the inorganic nanomaterials-based approach is in the preclinical phase and extensive researches ongoing to achieve food and drug administration (FDA) approval.[29–32] As compared to other nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles have the advantages such as excellent biocompatibility, facile preparation and wide surface conjugation chemistry.