China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nanostructured Drug Carriers for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
Published in Yasser Shahzad, Syed A.A. Rizvi, Abid Mehmood Yousaf, Talib Hussain, Drug Delivery Using Nanomaterials, 2022
Talita Nascimento da Silva, Emanuelle Vasconcellos de Lima, Anna Lecticia Martinez Martinez Toledo, Julia H. Clarke, Thaís Nogueira Barradas
Neurological disorders have been appointed as the leading cause of disability and second leading cause of death, on a global scale. The number of people who were either affected or died due to brain diseases has been increasing globally for the past 25 years, accounting for 16.5% of total global deaths in 2016 (Feigin et al., 2019). Among them, neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline are of great interest due to their impact on life expectancy, life quality, and its common appearance in aged brains (Hou et al., 2019). Even though there are more than 600 diseases that affect the CNS, the most common neurological diseases are dementia and cognitive disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders, stroke, and epilepsy (Dumurgier and Tzourio, 2020; Raggi and Leonardi, 2015). Besides, among the most common neurodegenerative diseases, PD and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) affect millions of people worldwide (Deleidi, Jaggle, and Rubino 2015).
A survey on computer vision techniques for detecting facial features towards the early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2019
Zixiang Fei, Erfu Yang, David Day-Uei Li, Stephen Butler, Winifred Ijomah, Huiyu Zhou
Dementia is progressive cognitive disorder, which typically features cognitive impairments such as memory and language impairment. Dementia involves specific neuropathological changes, including extracellular and intraneuronal parenchymal lesions. As detection of these neuropathological changes cannot be carried out when the patients are alive (Dubois et al., 2010), dementia detection often involves a probabilistic diagnosis. Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells, which leads to abnormal cellular operation and communication. Furthermore, damage to different parts of the brain is found to typically relate to different types of dementia (‘Dementia – Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Tests, Treatment, Care alz.org,’ n.d.). The common types of dementia are Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Vascular Dementia, and Fronto-Temporal Dementia (Gaugler, James, Johnson, Scholz, & Weuve, 2016). Among these types, the most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, as 60% to 80% of dementia patients suffering from this type of dementia (Blennow, de Leon, & Zetterberg, 2006).