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Mapping the Injured Brain
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
Chandler Sours, Jiachen Zhuo, Rao P. Gullapalli
In the clinical setting, computed tomography (CT) is the primary diagnostic tool in the evaluation of TBI. CT is used to triage patients who arrive at the hospital with a suspected head injury based on the presence of intracranial injuries, focal injuries, and/or the presence of diffuse pattern of parenchymal injury known as diffuse axonal injury (DAI) (Cihangiroglu et al., 2002; Zimmerman, 1999). While an admittance CT does provide immediate information to the patient’s clinical team, it should be noted that the clinical presentation often does not match the presence of abnormalities seen on this initial CT. This may be due to the continued evolution of intracranial injuries or due to the fact that the CT scanning often does not have the sensitivity to detect DAI.
Head CT Analysis for Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation
Published in Kayvan Najarian, Delaram Kahrobaei, Enrique Domínguez, Reza Soroushmehr, Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine, 2022
Heming Yao, Negar Farzaneh, Jonathan Gryak, Craig Williamson, Kayvan Najarian, Reza Soroushmehr
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a number of principal mechanisms, including motor-vehicle crashes, falls, and assaults (Taylor et al., 2017), and is a major cause of injury-related deaths worldwide. Incidence, primarily driven by falls and road injuries, is increasing due to an aging population and increased use of motor vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, and population density. In addition to falls and vehicle-related collisions, violence, sports injuries, and combat injuries including explosive blasts are common events causing TBI (Van Voorhees et al., 2018). TBI is recognized as a global health priority that requires complex and expensive medical care (GBD, 2016; Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury Collaborators, 2019).
Rehabilitation robotics
Published in Alex Mihailidis, Roger Smith, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2023
Michelle J. Johnson, Rochelle Mendonca
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is typically caused by a bump, blow, jolt, or other head injuries that cause damage to the brain. Half of TBIs are caused by motor vehicle accidents, with other causes being falls and military-related causes. Approximately 69 million individuals sustain a TBI worldwide each year and TBI causes about 30% of all injury-related deaths (Dewan et al. 2018). A TBI can range from mild to severe, with symptoms ranging from headache, confusion, slurred speech, loss of coordination, weakness in upper and lower extremities, and numbness or tingling of the arms or legs.
Facilitators and obstacles to the use of a cognitive orthosis for meal preparation within the homes of adults with a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Informal caregivers and health-care professionals’ perspectives
Published in Assistive Technology, 2020
M. Gagnon-Roy, N. Bier, M. Couture, S. Giroux, H. Pigot, S. Zarshenas, C. Bottari
Participants mentioned the need for structures to support healthcare professionals, informal caregivers, and people with TBI during future implementation of COOK. First, clinical support, such as training sessions for the person with TBI (by an occupational therapist or an educator) and user guides for the person with TBI, family members, and professionals, emerged as a priority. A caregiver also pointed out that a learning phase would be essential, as well as “a follow-up by a healthcare professional to make sure that the technology is well implemented, that it doesn’t stop being used (CC1).” Moreover, participants expressed a need for technical support for troubleshooting. Preferably available 24/7, technical support could be provided by phone (via rehabilitation centers or technical support services provided by the developer) or using a website. For example, a participant proposed to develop “a step-by-step video for troubleshooting available on the Internet (CC1)” to support caregivers in case of technical bugs. Consequently, some form of support (clinical and technical) should be provided to make sure that people with TBI and their caregivers (formal and informal) are able to independently use COOK.
Enhancing the U.S. TBI data infrastructure: geospatial perspective
Published in Annals of GIS, 2020
Mara Chen, Donna Ritenour, Karl Maier
Third, according to the CDC, the causes of TBI vary, but the leading mechanism includes unintentional falls, being struck by or against an object, motor vehicle crashes, and violence. In an earlier study (Hyder et al. 2007), it was estimated 44% of the world’s road deaths occurred in Asia, and road traffic injuries were on the verge of an epidemic. Where do children and adults fall? What and where are the objects that cause TBI? Are road traffic injuries random or more concentrated at certain locations during certain times? GIS has also emerged as a key tool in predictive crime mapping and policing by many police services to reduce crime (Fitterer, Nelson, and Nathoo 2015; Jefferson 2017). Based on the leading causes of TBI, environmental settings are very important. Accurate and precise mapping of the environment and demographics associated with TBI incidences should be important and effective. Precision in problem-solving is an obvious argument for adoption of a spatial approach (Goodchild 2015).
Data mining the effects of testing conditions and specimen properties on brain biomechanics
Published in International Biomechanics, 2019
Folly Patterson, Osama AbuOmar, Mike Jones, Keith Tansey, R.K. Prabhu
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sent about 2.5 million people to the emergency room in the United States in 2013 (Taylor et al. 2017). Of these people, 56,000 died and 280,000 were hospitalized (Taylor et al. 2017). In Europe, approximately 2.5 million people will suffer a TBI each year; of these, 1 million will die and 75,000 will be hospitalized (Maas et al. 2015). TBI is most frequently caused by falls, blunt trauma, and motor vehicle accidents. TBI can cause a variety of long- and short-term health effects such as impaired memory, balance, and communication, as well as increased depression and anxiety. Furthermore, TBI increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders. Approximately 5.3 million Americans live with a TBI-related disability. Such disabilities affect individuals’ relationships, productivity, and everyday living. The economic cost of TBI in the US was estimated to be $76.5 billion in 2010, with the vast majority of this amount coming from fatal TBIs and TBIs resulting in hospitalization. It is clear that TBI has a substantial impact on our society.