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Artificial Intelligence-enabled Automated Medical Prediction and Diagnosis in Trauma Patients
Published in Richard Jiang, Li Zhang, Hua-Liang Wei, Danny Crookes, Paul Chazot, Recent Advances in AI-enabled Automated Medical Diagnosis, 2022
Lianyong Li, Changqing Zhong, Gang Wang, Wei Wu, Yuzhu Guo, Zheng Zhang, Bo Yang, Xiaotong Lou, Ke Li, Fleming Yang
Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is common clinically. Although it is often mild, there is a risk of serious short-term and long-term sequelae. Therefore, it is also important to judge the risk timely and predict the recovery from a concussion accurately. Fleck et al. [12] applied a new Artificial Intelligence – genetic fuzzy tree (GFTs, Genetic Fuzzy Trees) to analyze the diffusion tensor imaging data of 43 adolescent patients with mild traumatic brain injury or traumatic orthopedic injury. It is used to predict the likelihood of recovery of symptoms after a concussion within a week after injury. Through total of diffusion tensor imaging scans and 225 training sessions, the results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of concussion recovery prediction was 59% and 65%, respectively. This provided preliminary evidence of Artificial Intelligence for predicting traumatic symptoms recovery effectively.
Designing for Head and Neck Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The brain, floating in the skull, is protected from jolting movements and minor impacts. If head motion is violent, due to direct blows to the head or to a “whiplash” motion of the head, the flotation mechanism can be insufficient. In these instances, the brain, tethered by the brainstem and spinal cord, can bounce off the interior of the skull. With enough force, it may strike first one interior side of the skull, then suffer a second blow at the opposite bony surface. Concussion is a disturbance of brain function caused by the brain shaking in the skull. A concussion can be mild to life-threatening. Several studies (Amen et al., 2011; Crisco et al., 2011) found that repetitive mild concussions can have serious and lasting consequences for mental function. There is more work to do on designing head protection, as a statement released after deliberations of the 4th International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport, stated that helmets may decrease mechanical stresses to the brain, but do not prevent concussion (McCrory et al., 2013). Gould, Piland, Krzeminski, and Rawlins (2015) give an overview of protective headgear for sports; descriptions of current technologies, test methods, and future design directions.
Environmental and Occupational Injury Control
Published in Herman Koren, Best Practices for Environmental Health, 2017
Each year millions of teenagers are involved in high school sports which may result in injuries. Although the teenage injuries occur at about the same rate as professional injuries, among young children the effects may be far greater because children are still growing. Children are more susceptible to muscle, tendon, and growth plate injuries because of the uneven growth occurring. Acute injuries may be due to a sudden trauma caused by players colliding or suddenly hitting the ground. Injuries may be due to overuse of various body parts. Concussions or mild traumatic brain injuries occur quite frequently, and repetitive ones may lead to long-term disability. High school football accounts for 47% of all sports concussions, followed by ice hockey and soccer. Growth plate injuries in children occur in the developing cartilage tissue near the ends of the long bones.
Effect of exertion on blink reflex parameters in Division I football athletes
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Dena P. Garner, Patrick D. Sparks, Haley M. Chizuk, Mohammad N. Haider
The definition of a sport-related concussion (SRC) was recently updated during the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport and is defined as a “brain injury caused by a direct blow to the head or neck area” during sport-related activites, resulting in a cascade of events with acute symptoms or symptoms occuring shortly after the concussive event (Davis et al., 2023). SRCs can have a significant impact on an individual’s health, inducing physiological and metabolic changes within the brain affecting visual, vestibular, cognitive, and emotional function (Kutcher, 2014; Giza & Hovda, 2001; McCrea et al., 2003; Scorza, 2019). Emergency room survellience data from 2010-2016 cited an estimated 283,000 children sought treatment for sports-related injuries, with 2017 CDC data citing an estimated 2.5 million self-resported concussions by athletes (DePadilla et al., 2018; Sarmiento et al., 2019). Within National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sporting events, it is estimated that there are 4.13-4.47 SRCs per 10,000 athlete exposures, including practice and competitions (Chandran et al., 2022; Zuckerman et al., 2015). The typical recovery time from athlete-related concussions ranges from 7 to 14 days, with recent data from the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) consortium citing an average recovery time of 8.83 days (Echemendia et al., 2017; Langlois et al., 2006; McCrea et al., 2000, 2003; Wilber et al., 2021).
Performing more than 20 purposeful gameplay headers in a soccer season may alter autonomic function in female youth soccer players
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2021
Marquise M. Bonn, Alexandra B. Harriss, James W.G. Thompson, James P. Dickey
Soccer is the world’s most popular sport, with over 265 million people participating worldwide (Kunz, 2007). Furthermore, soccer is one of the most popular sports for young females (Solutions Research Group, 2014). While participation in soccer is associated with various health benefits, including improved cardiovascular fitness (Hammami et al., 2018), there is also a risk of head injury. For example, when comparing all high school sports, female soccer players have the second highest overall concussion rate following American football (Kerr et al., 2019). Female youth soccer players also sustain more concussions than their male counterparts (Pfister et al., 2016), and high school and collegiate female soccer players (O’Kane et al., 2014). This is a concern as emerging research indicates that concussions are associated with long-term neurological deficits (Cunningham et al., 2020; Montenigro et al., 2017).
Effect of foam densification and impact velocity on the performance of a football helmet using computational modeling
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Samuel T. Mills, Trevor S. Young, Lillian S. Chatham, Sourav Poddar, R. Dana Carpenter, Christopher M. Yakacki
There are between 1.6 and 3.8 million concussions and traumatic brain injuries related to sports every year in the US (Wideman et al. 2014). For football, concussions affect players at every level. In the NFL there were between 206 and 281 concussions every year from 2012 through 2019 (Injury Data 2019). Concussion symptoms include headaches, nausea, amnesia, difficulty concentrating, as well as others (Stein et al. 2016). These symptoms result in issues causing emotional and financial damage to the athletes. The NFL has paid out more than 600 million dollars in restitution in a recent lawsuit from former NFL players, but many players still reserve the right to sue the NFL in the future (NFL 2019). The emotional cost is evident when players who suffer repeated concussions can show emotional distress, and can even have suicidal thoughts (MSKTC 2019). The NFL is currently working to prevent brain injuries and making significant investment into injury prevention research and development. Hockey, baseball, cycling, and other sports are also working to improve player health and safety through improvements in head protective equipment (Sone et al. 2017; Foster et al. 2018; Gabler, Joodaki, et al. 2018; Helmich et al. 2019; Meehan et al. 2019). The military has been attempting to prevent this issue. Many studies have been performed in an attempt to improve the blast and blunt impact performance of the advanced combat helmet in an attempt to improve solider safety (Bin et al. 2012; Hegemier et al. 2013; Palta et al. 2018). The need to reduce the risk of concussions is obvious, but the solutions that do so remain elusive.