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Bionanofabrication and Bionano Devices in Tissue Engineering and Cell Transplantation
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Bionanotechnology, 2018
Important factors to be considered during cell culture are composition of culture media; temperature, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentration; pH and osmolality. Therefore, the important step in cell culture is the selection of appropriate culture media, which is usually composed of basic components: amino acids (nitrogen source); vitamins; inorganic salts (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+); glucose and fructose (energy source); fat and fat-soluble components (fatty acids, cholesterols); nucleic acid precursors; serum as source of growth factors and hormones; antibiotics; pH and buffering system; oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration; and attachment factors. For mammalian cell culture, culture media can be either natural media composed of coagulant, tissue extracts, and biological fluids such as plasma, serum, or synthetic media composed of organic and inorganic nutrients, vitamins, salts, serum proteins, carbohydrates, and cofactors. Artificial media are further classified into four groups: (1) serum-containing media, (2) serum-free media, (3) chemically defined media, and (4) protein-free media. Serum-containing media is a complex mixture of small and large molecules, amino acids, growth factors, vitamins, proteins, hormones, lipids, and minerals. Serum-free media are simple with well-defined composition depending on the cell type resulting in easier downstream processing of products. Chemically defined media contain pure inorganic and organic constituents together with other proteins, vitamins, fatty acids, and growth factors. Protein-free media contain nonprotein constituents, which facilitates superior cell growth and efficient downstream purification of expressed products (Verma 2014).
Medium Design for Cell Culture Processing
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
A large number of manufacturing processes for protein therapeutics employ chemically defined media. Many cell cultures for cell therapy or regenerative medical applications also employ chemically defined media. The application of chemically defined media in industrial manufacturing has become more widespread largely due to the drive of regulatory requirements, the availability of better-characterized raw materials, and the increasing ease in adapting cells to different culture environments (Panel 7.6).
Enhancement of anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody production in CHO cells through the use of UCOE and DHFR elements in vector construction and the optimization of cell culture media
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Chinh Chung Doan, Nguyen Quynh Chi Ho, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen, Dang Giap Do, Nghia Son Hoang, Thanh Long Le
Medium optimization has been identified as a key approach for improving cell culture performance.[30,31] The composition of the serum-free culture medium for CHO cells has been previously reported.[32–34] Effort has been made to understand the nutritional requirements of cells to build chemically defined media in order to improve cell culture performance and to avoid the use of animal-derived materials or supplements because of safety concerns in therapeutic protein drugs products.[30,35,36] Corresponding to different cell lines or clones, the expression of different genes to obtain recombinant proteins with particular characteristics has been applied. However, for commercial purposes, detailed information has not yet been revealed.[37] The development of chemically defined culture media and their use in the development of bioprocesses are essential for cell culture experiments. Recent studies have been successful in the establishment of a suitable culture medium and feed platforms, resulting in enhanced duration of the bioprocesses,[38] productivity,[39] purification, and quality of recombinant proteins.[40,41] This leads to a reduction in the cost of recombinant protein production.