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Nanoencapsulation of Iron for Nutraceuticals
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Naveen Shivanna, Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Teenu Sharma, Farhath Khanum
Excess of iron, or overload of iron, is termed as hemochromatosis, wherein iron accumulates in the body. The most important factor is heredity, a genetic disorder with a genetic defect in HLA-H gene region on chromosome 6, leading to low level of hepcidin, a key regulatory enzyme for entry of iron into the circulatory system, resulting eventually in excessive iron and hemochromatosis (Serra et al., 2009). Repeated blood transfusion results in a condition called transfusional iron overload. Excess in the availability of iron to bind iron transport protein transferrin leads to iron toxicity. Excessive levels of free iron in the blood react with peroxides, leading to the generation of highly reactive free radicals that can damage macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, DNA, and other cellular components through Fenton reaction (Eaton and Qian, 2002). Iron toxicity is also observed in aging disorders such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease (Altamura and Muckenthaler, 2009).
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids. Human transferrin is encoded by the TF gene. Transferrin glycoproteins bind iron very tightly, but reversibly.
Innovations in Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurements
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
Transferrin is an 80 kDa glycoprotein found in the blood plasma. Transferrin has the role of transporting iron in the ferric form (Fe3+) from the gut, and from its storage form bound to ferritin in liver cells to red blood cells (RBCs), where the transferrin binds with RBC membrane receptors in the process of transferring the iron into the cell where it is incorporated in Hb. At any given time, about 0.1% of the total iron in the body is bound to transferrin, 66% is in Hb, 3% is in myoglobin, 30% is stored intracellularly in ferritin, 1% is chelated, and 0.1% is in heme enzymes (cf. Transferrin 2001).
Purification of transferrin by magnetic nanoparticles and conjugation with cysteine capped gold nanoparticles for targeting diagnostic probes
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi, Zahoor Qadir Samra
Transferrin is an iron carried protein and delivers iron to cells through transferrin receptors. Iron demand increases extensively in growing cells and that’s justifying the thousand folds increase in expression of transferrin receptor on cancer cells. Transferrin receptor is a good targeted site for cancer drug delivery but the main hurdle to use transferrin as targeted ligand is its purification. A novel method for transferrin purification with magnetic nanoparticles is reported in this study. This technique may be a good alternative of many other techniques because of least reagent requirement and few numbers of steps involved. The purified protein maintains its biological activities for a longer period of time at low temperature. Therefore it may be used for therapeutic purposes. Transferrin-conjugated cysteine capped GNP has a potential to be used in cancer diagnosis as targeted diagnostic probe in vivo and in vitro. Experiments are underway to use the purified transferrin in theranostic nanomedicines for targeting drug delivery (in vivo and in vitro).
Effect of sub-chronic ferrous sulfate treatment on motor skills, hematological and biochemical parameters in rats
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2019
Mohamed Ammari, Miryam Elferchichi, Haifa Othman, Mohsen Sakly, Hafedh Abdelmelek
In our study, this treatment failed to alter plasma iron level and transferrin amount. Transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma proteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids.38 The affinity of transferrin for iron is very high, but progressively decreases with pH going down below neutrality. Transferrin is responsible for iron withholding that impedes bacterial survival. Consequently, the level of transferrin decreases in inflammation.39 However, in mice the level of transferrin increases in inflammation during acute phase response.40