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The biochemical effects of rhubarb extract's six anthraquinone derivatives in treating lung cancer
Published in Binoy K. Saikia, Advances in Applied Chemistry and Industrial Catalysis, 2022
Zujie Chen, Suyi Liu, Xiangbo Sun, Jingyun Wu, Hongbo Zhu, Runjin Zhu
The type of lung cancer cells used in this experiment, A549 cells, can be found in numerous FDA-approved research experiments. The advantageous characteristics of this cell include its relatively short division time and suitability for investigating lung-related infections (Chang et al. 2012). A549 cells are grown inside a culture using a base medium of F12K (Gibco /Invitrogen). 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) is also added to the base medium to make the complete growth medium that allows for exponential growth (Chang et al. 2012). The cell line is left to grow at 37°C and in a 5% CO2 environment (Li et al. 2018; Synthergo 2021).
Medium Design for Cell Culture Processing
Published in Wei-Shou Hu, Cell Culture Bioprocess Engineering, 2020
Serum is the fluid left behind after blood coagulates, free of blood cells and most coagulation proteins. It is a complex mixture containing nutrient substances, metabolites, hormones, substances released from damaged cells (e.g., hemoglobin and growth factors from platelets), and various plasma proteins. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most widely used serum in animal cell culture because it contains high concentrations of growth stimulatory factors and low concentrations of growth inhibitory factors. Other common sources of sera are human, bovine, newborn bovine, donor bovine, and donor horse.
Selenium-mediated epigenetic regulation of selenoprotein expression in colorectal cancer
Published in Gary Bañuelos, Zhi-Qing Lin, Dongli Liang, Xue-bin Yin, Selenium Research for Environment and Human Health: Perspectives, Technologies and Advancements, 2019
Cells were split at 80% confluency, and only low passage numbers were used for the assays. The colorectal cancer cells were incubated with sodium selenite (200 nM) for 24 or 48 hours. Cells were maintained at 5% FBS for at least one week before starting experiments to minimize the Se contribution by FBS.
5-Azacytidine incorporated polycaprolactone-gelatin nanoscaffold as a potential material for cardiomyocyte differentiation
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Kerena Rachel, Surajit Pathak, A. Moorthi, Srinivasan Narasimhan, Ramachandran Murugesan, Shoba Narayan
Thus, the present study was formulated to understand the amount of protein BSA adsorbed in the PCL-Gelatin, PCL-Gelatin-Aza1 and PCL-Gelatin-Aza2 scaffolds after for 3 hrs and at 48 hrs incubation. The results show that PCL-Gelatin, with no drug incorporation has 60 μg of proteins adsorbed on scaffolds due the RGD sequence of gelatin. The PCL-Gelatin-Aza1 and PCL-Gelatin-Aza2 has slightly similar proteins adsorbed at 3 hrs. After 48 hrs, the adsorption potential for PCL-Gelatin increases due the fine porous fibre morphology. Similarly, PCL-Gelatin-Aza1 and PCL-Gelatin-Aza 2 (Figure 6C) also shows increase in protein adsorption, though the increase is not statistically significant. The increase in protein adsorption results in better cell proliferation and regeneration. FBS is one of the essential proteins required during cell culture studies supplemented along with essential medium which promotes for attachment, proliferation [36].
Optimization of non-detergent treatment for enveloped virus inactivation using the Taguchi design of experimental methodology (DOE)
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Roya Khosravi, Seyed Nezamedin Hosseini, Amin Javidanbardan, Maryam Khatami, Hooman Kaghazian, Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab
The whole procedure of cell cultivation and viral inactivation is illustrated in Fig. 1. At first, to thaw Vero cells originating from the WCB, the cryovial was removed from the nitrogen tank and quickly transferred to a water bath at 37° C as shown in Fig. 1. The vial was continuously and gently agitated until the cells were thawed, taking approximately 60–90 s. Afterward, the vial content was transferred to a centrifuge tube containing 9.0 mL complete culture medium (Fig. 1). The culture medium was prepared before in 50 ml sterilized tubes with 5 ml of FBS (10% Vol) and 45 ml of DMEM medium. Before adding FBS into the culture media, its bottle was placed in the water bath at 55 °C water for 20 min to inactivate its complements. Centrifuging at 200 g for 5 min at room temperature, the cells were pelleted, and the supernatant was discarded. Afterward, as shown in Fig. 1, the cells were resuspended by DMEM/FBS culture medium and transferred into a T-flask for proliferation (Fig. 1). The adherent Vero cells were grown in the T-flasks inside an incubator at 37 °C/30 rpm, 5% CO2. Reaching cells to above 90% confluent monolayer, they were resuspended by trypsinization and added evenly into 6-well plates (Fig. 1). After 24 h the color and transparency of the culture medium were examined; using a reverse microscope, the cell density and microbial contamination were tested.[41] After detecting Vero cells’ monolayer on all wells, viral inactivation procedure was initiated.
Feasibility study of micro-groove cross hatched surface texturing on Ti6Al4V for improved biotribological performance in metal-on-polymer hip implant
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2019
Tribological experiments are carried out for Ti6Al4V flat specimen rubbing against UHMWPE cylindrical pin forming a line contact at the interface. R-tec Multi Functional Tribometer (USA) is used to perform reciprocating experiments in bio-lubricated condition for two loads with a stroke length and frequency of 10 mm and 1 Hz, respectively. A mean contact pressure range of 2 MPa to 6.78 MPa is typically expected in hip joints [21–23]. Loads of 10N and 20N would produce a Hertzian contact pressure of 8.62 and 15.527 MPa for line contact configuration. Hence, the applied loads are sufficiently higher and are opted to simulate the exact loading condition at the joint site. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) of South American origin, supplied by BioGlobus, with 30 g/l protein mass concentration is used as the bio-lubricant for this study. This FBS is diluted to a 25% concentration with deionized water and stored at −20°C until required for testing. The sliding speed of 20 mm/s is selected for the normal walking condition with the experiment duration of 60 min. Schematic diagram of sliding contact is provided in Figure 1, while the experimental parameters are provided in Table 4. To relate the geometrical parameters of the texture (such as texture width) to the Hertzian contact width, a line contact configuration is aptly suitable than any other surface configuration. Dipankar Choudhury et al. [24] carried out experiments taking line contact configuration for ceramic and UHMWPE tribo-pair for hip implant study. Similar studies for hip implants can also be found for the same contact configuration elsewhere [24,25]. All the loading conditions are selected based on the actual contact pressure at the hip joint. The maximum RMS value of the coefficient of friction over every single stroke is considered. Finally, a mean value is obtained by averaging the maximum RMS values for the entire period of sliding. The total duration of the test is 60 min while readings of the first 5 min are taken as running-in period and the remaining duration is considered as a steady state for analysis. Moreover, for better repeatability, each test is carried out thrice and error bar is plotted with their corresponding standard deviations.