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Essential Oils
Published in Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul, Microbial Biofilms, 2020
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan, Mohd Musheer Altaf
Candidiasis is the group of secondary infections caused by Candida spp. extending from acute and chronic to life-threatening mycoses. Generally, healthy individuals face superficial infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, candiduria, onychomycosis, and oropharyngeal candidiasis, whereas, in immunocompromised populations, invasive infections are produced viz. candidemia and disseminated candidiasis infecting inner organs (Pfaller et al. 2006). Several Candida spp. can cause candidiasis such as C. albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis (Hayens and Westerneng 1996; Pfaller et al. 2006). Among these, C. albicans is the commonest infective agent in infections of cutaneous sites, reproductive organs, oral cavity, bloodstream infections, bone marrow transplantation, and nosocomial infections (Pfaller et al. 2006). Among others, C. glabrata has surfaced as common pathogen due to the heightened use of immune-suppressive drugs (Malani et al. 2005). C. krusei is a substantial pathogen in patients with hematological cancers and transplants (Viudes et al. 2002). C. parapsilosis affects critically ill neonates and ICU patients and very often isolated from blood cultures of patients with insertive medical devices (Sarvikivi et al. 2005), and it is also the most common species exist on health personnel (Trofa et al. 2008). C. tropicalis is one of the causative agents of candidemia and frequently shows its presence in the leukemic persons with bone marrow transplantation. Occasionally, 60%–80% of neutropenic develop invasive infections of C. tropicalis (Wingard 1995; Pfaller and Diekema 2007). C. dubliniensis is mainly related to oral and systemic infections in AIDS patients (Gutierrez et al. 2002; Loreto et al. 2010).
Bigels as novel systems for the delivery active compounds from Centella asiatica
Published in Soft Materials, 2023
Agnieszka Kulawik-Pióro, Emilia Osak, Mariola Mendrycka, Zuzanna Trześniewska-Ofiara
The study of antimicrobial properties was carried out with the use of four standard strains of microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29,213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853, Candida krusei ATCC 6258 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22,019, ATCC collection (American Type Culture Collection). Standard strains are microorganisms with strictly defined characteristics and origin, carefully cataloged in national or international collections. In the microbiological laboratory, they are used routinely, e.g. for the control of media, antibiogram discs, and E-Tests, as well as for the validation of bacteriological methods. Microbiological analysis was performed on the Ecospa water–glycerin extract marked with symbol 1 and the macerated oil of C. asiatica marked with symbol 2. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of bigels marked with the symbols B1, B3, B5, and B7 (Table 1), containing various amounts of water–glycerin extracts/C. asiatica macerated oil, was investigated. The sensitivity of S. aures and P. aeruginosa strains to the extract/macerate and bigels analyzed was carried out on Becton Dickinson Muller Hinton Agar with a diameter of 90 mm, while for C. krusei and C. parapsilosis the R.P.M.I. 90 mm agar by Liofilchem. OXOID BLANK discs were used for the determination.
An ex-situ and in vitro approach towards the bioremediation of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Neethu Kamarudheen, Sona P. Chacko, Catherin A. George, Rakhi Chettiparambil Somachandran, K. V. Bhaskara Rao
Experiments have proved that the amount of toxic Cr levels do not necessarily affect the survival of microorganisms in the contaminated soil.[31] Proving the fact, we obtained four distinct indigenous yeast isolates in our study on YEPD agar plates. The growth of yeast colonies was observed in 48 hours at 28 °C, thereafter they were purified and preserved at 4 °C for further studies. To determine the effect of Cr on the growth of the isolates the yeast plates supplemented with Cr (VI) were observed for visible growth. One among the isolates designated as CSR was able to thrive in the presence of the high concentration as 1000 mgL−1 of Cr (VI). Visible growth was observed after 72 hours. Similar results were observed in the previous studies where, Pestalotiopsis sp. was reported to survive at a 1000 ppm concentration of Cr (VI).[32] Similar results were also seen as the yeast Candida krusei 61 T could survive the same level of Cr (VI).[20]
Theoretical, antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro cytotoxicity, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor studies of metal(II) complexes with bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane-based heteroscorpionate ligands
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
S. Jayakumar, D. Mahendiran, A. Kalilur Rahiman
Based on the above observations, we have been interested to synthesize C-centered heteroscorpionate-based homoleptic metal(II) complexes of the formulation [M(L1–3)2] (1-9), using C-centered bis(imidazol-1-yl)methane-based heteroscorpionate ligands. Geometry optimization and HOMO-LUMO analysis of the synthesized complexes were carried out by DFT calculations. The antimicrobial activity of these complexes were investigated on Gram(–ve) (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Gram(+ve) (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, and fungal (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei) strains by agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS, DPPH, and H2O2 radical scavenging assays. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity was tested against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa), and lung (A549) cancer, and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cell lines by MTT assay. The molecular docking study was performed with the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) receptor using the AutoDock Tools (ADT) version 1.5.6 and AutoDock version 4.2.5.1 docking programs.