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First Aid and Medical Personnel
Published in Patrick A. Michaud, Accident Prevention and Osha Compliance, 2017
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is the combination of artificial respiration and manual artificial circulation that is recommended for use in cases of cardiac arrest. CPR provides proper care at the earliest possible time, which is vital. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation involves the following “ABCD” steps: Airway openingBreathing restoredCirculation restoredDefinitive therapy
Health and Safety in the Construction Industry
Published in Malcolm Thorpe, Brickwork Level 1, 2021
In the event of someone collapsing through injury, it may be necessary to attempt emergency resuscitation while a medical team or ambulance is being called. This is known as CPR – Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation.
Outcomes after mechanical versus manual chest compressions in eCPR patients
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Christopher Gaisendrees, Stephen Gerfer, Borko Ivanov, Anton Sabashnikov, Julia Merkle, Maximilian Luehr, Georg Schlachtenberger, Sebastian G Walter, Kaveh Eghbalzadeh, Elmar Kuhn, Ilija Djordjevic, Thorsten Wahlers
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been the first-line treatment of cardiac arrest for decades. Chest compression is, besides ventilation, a vital component of CPR and should be initiated immediately upon witnessed cardiac arrest to maintain end-organ perfusion. In therapy-refractory cardiac arrest, prolonged chest-compression times are necessary to bridge transportation time to the hospital. Consequently, mechanical chest compression devices have gained increased popularity in resuscitative medicine, mainly in pre-hospital settings [1]. Although there are priston-type and load-distribution devices, only the LUCAS2 (Lund University Cardiopulmonary Assist System; Physio-Control Inc./Jolife AB, Lund, Sweden) device is currently used in pre-hospital settings in our region. These mechanical CPR devices generate automatically driven rhythmic chest compressions but have yet failed to show superiority in survival and outcomes compared to conventional chest compressions [2]. However, injuries after prolonged chest compressions are well known and have been described before [3].
Devices to enhance organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Matthew A. Bridges, Julie B. Siegel, Joshua Kim, Kristen M. Quinn, Jennie H. Kwon, Brielle Gerry, Taufiek Konrad Rajab
Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the US. In 2019, more than 356,000 people experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with an overall survival rate of only 10% [1]. A contributing factor to these dismal outcomes is the poor perfusion of vital organs during cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the American Heart Association (AHA) recommended treatment for emergent cardiac arrest with the goal of providing circulatory support via chest compressions and ventilatory support via rescue breaths. Without CPR, the survival rate of witnessed cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation decreases by 7–10% per minute; however, when CPR is administered, the survival rate decreases by only 3–4% per minute from the time of collapse to defibrillation [2]. The increase in survival is due to perfusion of vital organs, most importantly the heart and the brain, as these tissues have the lowest tolerance to ischemia. In animal models, when the focus of CPR is on increasing coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CerePP), survival from cardiac arrest increases [3–5].
Prehospital trauma care evolution, practice and controversies: need for a review
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2020
A trauma patient is usually younger, and a majority have good myocardium with good myocardial function quite unlike a patient with MI or angina. So, a cardiac arrest in such a patient is the result of continued hypoxia, severe exsanguination or severe neuronal damage from TBI or spinal cord injury. The outcome of outside hospital cardiac arrest in a traumatic patient is usually poor (Brindis, Gausche-Hill, Young, & Putnam, 2011; Djarv et al., 2018; Viejo-Moreno et al., 2017). CPR itself is a psychomotor skill that needs to be learnt, practiced regularly and periodically retrained to keep the skills correct.