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Emergency First Aid Treatment of Poisoning
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, Household Chemicals and Emergency First Aid, 2017
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
Induce vomiting and give strong tea if the drug has been taken by mouth.Control fever by ice packs, place the victim in a tub with very cold water containing cracked ice, if possible. When the body temperature has been lowered to 100 degrees F., remove the victim, wrap in wet sheets and transport to medical facility.If respiration is inadequate or failing, artificial respiration is indicated.
Response to Low-Frequency Alternating Current Passing Through the Body
Published in Leslie A. Geddes, Handbook of Electrical Hazards and Accidents, 1995
The physiological responses to a cranially injected current are many. Despite the fact that much of the current is extracranial, current reaches the cortex and can produce strong muscular contractions by stimulation of the motor cortex, as well as skin, auditory and visual sensations. Current reaching the medullary respiratory center at the base of the brain produces respiratory depression or arrest. Likewise, current reaching the medulla can produce vagal slowing of the heart, defecation and micturition. Despite these effects, it is clear that the many animal and human studies carried out show that if respiratory arrest is avoided or treated by artificial respiration, survival is assured.
Mine Rescue
Published in Debi Prasad Tripathy, Mine Safety Science and Engineering, 2019
Artificial respiration is the act of restoring or initiating respiration by using mechanical or manual methods in a person who is not breathing or not able to make respiratory effort on his or her own. Time is of the greatest importance for the success of resuscitation. Even while rescuing the patient, the rescuers should constantly think of saving time. There is enough oxygen in the blood to keep cells alive for about ten minutes but the brain cells start dying after being deprived of oxygen for only four minutes. It is not always necessary to take the patient to the fresh air base but a place in fresh air nearest the place of accident will be satisfactory.
Hybrid optimization techniques based automatic artificial respiration system for corona patient
Published in Automatika, 2022
S. Sakthiya Ram, C. Kumar, A. Ramesh Kumar, T. Rajesh
An artificial respiration system will replace the respiratory muscles that provide the energy required during the inspiration process to ensure the flow of gas into the alveoli ducts [5]. With the help of the artificial ventilation system, the patient can breathe easily and this makes it easy for doctors to reduce the cold that has blocked the lungs. The oxygen level or oxygen saturation level of the patient will be monitored using Pulse oximeters often to know the amount of oxygen level to be supplied for the patient. The doctors found it difficult when a large number of patients were admitted due to the fast spread of Coronavirus. The Auto respiration system helps the doctors by automatically tuning the desired output based on the amount of oxygen required by the patients. An air section with a piston system driven by the motor is the main component of an artificial respiration system. The piston direction is changed by the control mechanism. The finest value of the constraints configuration on the artificial respiration device is the difficult challenge since a patient's ventilator parameters depend on several variables. For its good quality, modest control appliance, and good performance, the optimization algorithm-based artificial ventilation system is therefore becoming more popular. Patients decide their respiratory rate during aided respiration, but the ventilator decides the tidal volume. In regulated breathing, the ventilator determines both the rate of respiration and tidal length [6]. Each ventilation model has different configuration ranges. More modern and developed machines offer more options for operators in respiratory settings.
Characteristics of a multi-stroke “bolt from the blue” lightning-type that caused a fatal disaster
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2019
Xiangpeng Fan, Yijun Zhang, Qiyuan Yin, Yang Zhang, Dong Zheng
On the morning of 3 June 2017, Conghua District in Guangzhou City was fine with occasional clouds. In the afternoon, the weather was mostly cloudy with thunderstorms. According to an eyewitness, he and a 44-year-old man named Wu from Gaotian Village, Taiping Town, were touring farmland and a litchi forest at about 16:36 local time. There were clouds in the sky a few kilometres southwest of the two people, but the weather was clear overhead, and they were surrounded by a litchi forest, a small cluster of bamboo trees, and a small ditch. At that moment, Wu passed by a big tree and suddenly fell down and lost consciousness. The witness was less than 10 m away from the victim and was unharmed, and no thunder was heard beforehand. After the scene was investigated, no obvious lightning strike points were found. A tree about 13 m tall was located 1 m from where the victim fell to the ground; this tree was the highest point in the surrounding area. There were burn marks on some overhead branches and leaves of the tree. Another tree about 8 m tall and 4.0 metres away from the previous tree also had burnt leaves. The two trees were covered with branches and bark. There was a hat with a burnt hole at the scene that was consistent with the small hole in the forehead of the victim. Figure 1 shows two photos related with the scene after the disaster. A forensic investigation showed that the victim’s hair and clothes were burnt. The whole body was black, and there was a hole in the forehead from lightning accompanied by bleeding. The hole was surrounded by lightning striations. The victim was bleeding from his ears. The cell phone in his trousers was burned together with the victim’s skin, and the death was preliminarily identified as characteristic of a lightning strike. The witness rushed to the victim after he was struck by lightning and fell to the ground and performed artificial respiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The victim did not die immediately but was not fully conscious. After the victim was sent to the hospital, he died within an hour from being stricken by lightning. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the lightning accident scene.