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Machine Learning for Designing a Mechanical Ventilator:
Published in Pushpa Singh, Divya Mishra, Kirti Seth, Transformation in Healthcare with Emerging Technologies, 2022
Jayant Giri, Shreya Dhapke, Dhananjay Mutyarapwar
Technology has changed a lot, and there is a growing need for fast and accurate systems to fulfill the needs of people. In today’s world, there is the availability of large volumes of data in every domain. This has been possible due to the development of various hardware systems with vast storage capacity to store such a big amount of data. Due to these reasons Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerged as the recent trends in technology. Mechanical ventilation is a procedure often implemented on patients with respiratory failure. It is a core therapy that is provided to the intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffering from critical illness. A ventilator delivers an air and oxygen mixture, with elevated oxygen content, to a patient’s respiratory system through an endotracheal tube to facilitate the adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which reduces the patient’s effort to breath and prevents the alveoli from collapsing. However, to use a mechanical ventilator, one needs to be aware of the modes and several control parameters of the ventilator. These are controls are managed by highly-trained medical professionals, who are specialized in the care of respiratory illnesses, the Respiratory Therapists. These therapists are essential for the appropriate care of mechanically ventilated patients. But the conventional way of manual monitoring of mechanical ventilators utilizes more time, human effort, and is not cost-effective.
Envelope air pressure design load: an approach for hygrothermal analysis of retrofitted high-rise masonry wall assemblies
Published in J. Carmeliet, H. Hens, G. Vermeir, Research in Building Physics, 2020
R. Djebbar, D. Van Reenen, M.K. Kumaran, H. Ruan
There are mainly three types of mechanical ventilation systems that are used: extract, supply and balanced ventilation. Extract ventilation systems remove air from the indoor space generating positive pressure drops towards the interior. The envelope air-pressure differential, ΔPmv, is positive in this case according to hygIRC convention for the signs of pressure drop, see Equation 3. Supply ventilation systems carry outdoor air inside the space causing a pressure drop across the envelope towards the exterior, APmv generated is negative in this case. Balanced ventilation combines extract and supply systems using different air duct networks inside buildings. Balanced mechanical ventilation optimistically does not change the pressure across the envelopes. However, sometimes a slight imbalance may be introduced intentionally or non-intentionally causing either a positive or negative pressure drop across the envelope. ΔPmv is not considered in WeatherSmart-1.1 when balanced mechanical ventilation is addressed. The difference in the envelope air-pressure generated by the three types of mechanical ventilation could be very significant especially for very air-tight envelopes, as shown in Figure 6. The example reported on Figure 6 is for tall office buildings.
Clinical Workflows Supported by Patient Care Device Data
Published in John R. Zaleski, Clinical Surveillance, 2020
Weaning from mechanical ventilation can proceed once the patient awakens and initiates spontaneous breathing. The mandatory respiratory rate setting of the ventilator is reduced by the respiratory therapist on the orders of the attending physician in time intervals ranging from minutes to hours. The rate at which mechanical support is decreased is determined based on observing the patient’s spontaneous respiratory rate and the state of the patient’s physiology and metabolic system response. General practice guidelines call for maintaining the total patient respiratory rate within a range prescribed per practice guidelines (e.g.: between 8 and 20 breaths per minute). Over the span of several hours, the patient will be weaned to spontaneous breathing mode, in which the patient has assumed full mechanical responsibility for breathing while still attached to the mechanical ventilator. A determination will be made as to whether the patient is able to support spontaneous breathing without the aid of mandatory ventilatory support. This determination is accomplished by observing and measuring several parameters related to spontaneous ventilatory effort, including the consciousness of the patient, the arterial oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide levels, and the frequency and depth of spontaneous breathing.
Modeling the therapy system of noninvasive pressure support ventilation with the respiratory patient in COPD and ARDS
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Yueyang Yuan, Lixin Xie, Wei Liu, Zheng Dai
In mechanical ventilation, the ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI), such as the over-ventilation, barotraumas, etc., have been considered as a significant risk to respiratory patient. Usually, a pulmonary barotraumas can be caused by a high pressure easily, and volumetric injury by a large volume. But the defective ventilation often possibly happens on the respiratory patient due to the ventilation with a low pressure and a small tidal volume (Yang et al. 2016). In this article, the pressure in lung (PLung) and the tidal volume (Vt) were observed conveniently in the simulated results. Based on the simulated results, the clinician will well set and investigate the relevant NPSV parameters to benefit the patient with low possibility of injury.
Devices for donor lung preservation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Cora R Bisbee, Curry Sherard, Jennie H. Kwon, Zubair A. Hashmi, Barry C. Gibney, Taufiek Konrad Rajab
Currently, no devices for lung preservation promote pressure regulation during air transport. Other organ storage devices, the Paragonix SherpaPak heart transplant system for example, have a pressure regulation feature implemented. Additionally, ventilation systems have not been implemented in SCS devices. While ventilation could improve oxygenation and ischemic injury, mechanical ventilation may exacerbate alveolar stress and inflammation [19]. Further assessment is necessary to determine if pressure regulation and ventilation are beneficial components to SCS systems.
Advanced mechanical ventilation modes: design and computer simulations
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a frequently used life-saving treatment especially in intensive care units (ICUs) when the patient’s respiratory system is not functioning well-enough due to infection, trauma, neuromuscular diseases etc. (Tehrani 2013). Depending on the patient’s condition, mechanical ventilation device can help by doing all the breathing work or by just partially assisting the breaths (Kannangara et al. 2016).