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Multiplex Testing of Bcr-Abl1 and Jak2 V617f in Suspected Mpn Using Rt-Pcr Rdb Method
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
N. Masykura, F. Albertha, A.R.H. Utomo, U. Habibah, M. Yunus, Suharsono, F. Selasih, A. Bowolaksono
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) is a group of blood disorders consisting of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML), Polycythemia Vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), chronic neutrophilic leukaemia, chronic eosinophilic leukaemia, hypereosinophilic syndrome, mast cell disease, and another unclassifiable disease (Tefferi & Vardiman, 2008). CML is caused Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph), a reciprocal translocation of BCR and ABL1 genes that increases tyrosine kinase activation (Jaras et al., 2010). BCR-ABL1 translocation is comprised of four groups based at the translocation breakpoint; major, minor, micro and nano (Burmeister & Reinhardt, 2008). Reverse Transcript RT-PCR is a common method to detect the presence of BCR-ABL1 (Gutierrez et al., 2010) in samples obtained from either peripheral blood or bone marrow of suspected MPN patients (Burmeister et al., 2010).
Developing a Case-Based Blended Learning Ecosystem to Optimize Precision Medicine: Reducing Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Vivek Podder, Binod Dhakal, Gousia Ummae Salma Shaik, Kaushik Sundar, Madhava Sai Sivapuram, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Rakesh Biswas
“Precision Medicine”—an abundant term in medical literature—refers to the tailoring of medical treatment guided by genomic or molecular features of the disease and not by the clinicopathological features [26]. Since cancer is a disease of the genome, the field has been the perfect choice to enhance the impact of precision medicine [27]. Because every single cancer patient exhibits a different genetic profile, and that profile can change over time, “tailored” treatment, rather than a “one-size-fits-all” approach, is likely to benefit patients, and hence is an attractive concept. Whether it is a mere concept or realistically assures a better future in oncology continues to remain a debate. The precision medicine approach has transformed the outlook for some deadly cancers. One of the most notable examples is the discovery of bcr-abl gene fusion and the development of imatinib for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CML treated by imatinib resulted in unprecedented results, with a 5-year survival of 90% and some patients even inching towards cure [28]. Other examples include the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and development of agents like trastuzumab. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, the addition of this agent has resulted in significant improvement in progression-free survival and reduction of death by 20% [29]. These examples illustrate how the identification of key molecular pathways targeted therapeutically could alter the disease course and result in the desired outcomes. What about other cancers? Has precision medicine delivered its promise in other cancers, as well, and is it a time to celebrate? Or has our approach for more “precision” resulted in more “uncertainty”, as described by Heisenberg?
Developing a Case-Based Blended Learning Ecosystem to Optimize Precision Medicine: Reducing Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Vivek Podder, Binod Dhakal, Gousia Ummae Salma Shaik, Kaushik Sundar, Madhava Sai Sivapuram, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Rakesh Biswas
“Precision Medicine”—an abundant term in medical literature—refers to the tailoring of medical treatment guided by genomic or molecular features of the disease and not by the clinicopathological features [26]. Since cancer is a disease of the genome, the field has been the perfect choice to enhance the impact of precision medicine [27]. Because every single cancer patient exhibits a different genetic profile, and that profile can change over time, “tailored” treatment, rather than a “one-size-fits-all” approach, is likely to benefit patients, and hence is an attractive concept. Whether it is a mere concept or realistically assures a better future in oncology continues to remain a debate. The precision medicine approach has transformed the outlook for some deadly cancers. One of the most notable examples is the discovery of bcr-abl gene fusion and the development of imatinib for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CML treated by imatinib resulted in unprecedented results, with a 5-year survival of 90% and some patients even inching towards cure [28]. Other examples include the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and development of agents like trastuzumab. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, the addition of this agent has resulted in significant improvement in progression-free survival and reduction of death by 20% [29]. These examples illustrate how the identification of key molecular pathways targeted therapeutically could alter the disease course and result in the desired outcomes. What about other cancers? Has precision medicine delivered its promise in other cancers, as well, and is it a time to celebrate? Or has our approach for more “precision” resulted in more “uncertainty”, as described by Heisenberg?
Leukemia Detection Using Invariant Structural Cascade Segmentation Based on Deep Vectorized Scaling Neural Network
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2023
A. Arthi, V. Vennila, U. Arun Kumar
Chronic leukemia is a kind of leukemia that does not impact the normal functioning of early white blood cells and hence is not recognized early. This type of leukemia is more difficult to treat than acute leukemia. In such a scenario, the patient will be unable to recognize the signs of the condition. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, also known as Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and chronic myelogenous leukemia are the two subtypes of chronic leukemia (AML). In the early stages of acute leukemia, cells do not interfere with the proper functioning of WBC. This is because acute leukemia is a relatively rare form of the disease. However, once the following stage has been reached, leukemia cells can no longer be contained and instead spread rapidly. The most common forms of acute leukemia are acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia. Acute myelogenous leukemia is the more severe kind (AML).
Smart Karyotyping Image Selection Based on Commonsense Knowledge Reasoning
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2022
Yufeng Xu, Zhe Ding, Lei Shi, Juan Wang, Linfeng Yu, Haoxi Zhang, Edward Szczerbicki
Karyotyping (Clare 2008) is a critical technique in chromosome analysis to detect genetic abnormalities, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia, which is usually performed by culturing the cells and separating the chromosomes from the nucleus during the metaphase stage of cell division and then staining them on slides for microphotography and analysis (Sharma et al. 2017). It requires chromosome instances in the microscopy to be segmented, classified, and chronologically arranged. Among these steps, the segmentation of chromosomes in metaphase images is one of the most challenging problems for machine learning models. Many researchers have attempted to address it, and various image-processing algorithms have been proposed to separate over-lapping chromosomes (Cao, Deng, and Wang 2011; Ji 1994; Li et al. 2016). Nonetheless, chromosome segmentation remains difficult for human operators and automatic programs (Arora and Dhir 2016; Shen et al. 2019).
Potential application of XC3 (X = B, N) nanosheets in drug delivery of hydroxyurea anticancer drug: a comparative DFT study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
Rezvan Rahimi, Mohammad Solimannejad, Zeynab Ehsanfar
Hydroxycarbamide (HC), or the anticancer drug hydroxyurea, has been used as an anti-neoplastic drug in myeloproliferative disorders, mainly polycythemia Vera and essential thrombocythemia. The hydroxyurea anticancer drug restrained the growth of cancer cells in the head and neck, and it cures many neoplastic diseases, including chronic myelogenous leukemia [16–18]. HC anticancer drug used in the treatment of sickle cell anemia [19]. Some of the side effects of this drug are drowsiness, nausea, diarrhea and vomiting, constipation, mucositis, anorexia, stomatitis, bone marrow toxicity, skin changes, abnormal liver enzymes, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen [20]. These side effects may happen when interacting with the wrong purpose or in the incorrect tissue. One compelling method to minimise drugs’ side effects and toxicity is to send prescriptions to the target regions. Drug delivery technologies make it possible to increase the efficiency of drug uptake and distribution.