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Fundamentals of Receptor Assessment
Published in Jack Daugherty, Assessment of Chemical Exposures, 2020
The spleen filters bacteria and particulate matter, such as deteriorated red blood cells, from the blood. Iron is recovered from hemoglobin in the spleen and recycled. Adult spleens produce leukocytes. Embryonic spleens produce all types of blood cells, assisting the bone marrow production of these cells. Chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene directly damage the spleen.
Liver and biliary system, pancreas and spleen
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The spleen is situated principally in the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen, lying behind the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm (Fig. 6.25). It is ovoid in shape and its size and weight varies significantly with age and between individuals. It is related closely to the diaphragm superiorly and the visceral surface has gastric, renal, pancreatic and colic impressions. The hilum is situated on the visceral surface and permits passage of vessels, including the splenic artery, SV, lymphatic vessel and nerves. The spleen is covered on its visceral surface by peritoneum, under which is a fibroelastic capsule. The bulk of the organ is composed of lymphoid tissue and blood capillaries, known collectively as the splenic pulp. The function of the spleen is to act as a reservoir for blood and the destruction of red blood cells.
Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Look at the distribution of the lymph nodes illustrated in Figure 2.16-C. The lymph nodes are small, localized enlargements embedded in the vessels of the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid, removing solids; including bacteria, parasites, and foreign materials. They also produce blood cells to fight infections and cancers. Lymph nodes swell when they are challenged by infections or foreign materials. The spleen is a large lymphatic organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen. It produces blood cells. See Chapter 4 for further discussion on protection for this vital organ.
Static electric field inhibits the proliferation and secretion functions of splenic lymphocytes in mice
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Li Dong, Jiahong Wu, Guoqing Di
Salehi et al. (2013) reported that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure could mediate the occurrence of cancer by affecting the immune function. The spleen contains a large number of immunocytes participating in the immunometabolism of the body. Therefore, the spleen plays an important role in immune functions. In the studies of biological effects of power frequency electric field, the spleen was an important target organ. Hardalac et al. (2008) reported that the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and the activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the spleen of guinea pigs increased significantly after the exposure of power frequency electric field (50 Hz, 1.35 kV/m). Shafey et al. (2006) reported that exposure to a power frequency electric field (60 Hz, 30 kV/m) could increase the weight of spleen in meat chickens. Unlike the frequency of power frequency electric field, the frequency of SEF generated by UHV DC transmission lines is 0 Hz. Li et al. (2011) reported that the biological effects of electromagnetic field were intimately linked to its frequency. Therefore, it is needed to study the effects of SEF on the spleen separately.
A method for separation and purification of mouse splenocytes by density gradient centrifugation
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Yao Lu, Chenghao Fu, Chao Xia, Shiliang Ma
Spleen is an important secondary lymphoid organ for immunocytes to mature and settle down[1]. Changes of the composition and function of these immunocytes are critical to body immune response. Immunocytes in mouse spleen include lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils and macrophages[2]. Under normal physiological conditions, the proportion of lymphocytes in mouse spleen can reach to 84%[3], which is the largest proportion of all splenocytes, while the proportion of lymphocytes will decrease sharply under tumor-bearing states[4]. At the same time, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are involved in immunosuppressive reactions participation and T cells suppression will increase significantly, which results in the changes of immunocytes composition of mouse spleen[5,6]. Studies have shown that MDSCs are mainly divided into two types according to the morphology of cell nuclei, respectively named as monocytic-like MDSC (Mo-MDSC), which has a monocytic-like morphology, and polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC), which has a polymorphonuclear morphology[7]. For the physical properties, the density of PMN-MDSCs is the highest because of the denser cytoplasm, followed by the density of Mo-MDSCs, and the density of lymphocytes is the smallest for the organelles is relatively simpler. Therefore, lymphocytes can theoretically be separated from MDSCs by different density solutions.