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Intravascular Ultrasound for Molecular Imaging
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Other common interventional procedures include atherectomy, brachytherapy, and coronary bypass surgery. Atherectomy uses a small rotating blade on the tip of a catheter to disrupt plaque and collect debris with a suction tube. It is usually reserved for calcified plaques resistant to angioplasty or stent procedures (14), but it has the risk of vessel rupture or injury. Another interventional treatment is brachytherapy. It delivers focused radiation at the lesion site using a catheter, preferentially killing plaque cells. In more severe cases in which angioplasty or stent procedures are ineffective, coronary bypass surgery is required. Vessels are usually grafted from extremities to provide collateral flow around coronary occlusions. This surgical procedure requires a thorocotomy to gain access to the heart.
High Power Liga Wobble Motor with Integrated Synchronous Control
Published in D.A. Hall, C.E. Millar, Sensors and Actuators, 2020
V.D. Samper, A.J. Sangster, R.L. Reuben, K. Shea, S.J. Yang, U. Wallrabe
The therapy of atherosclerosis, a type of cardiovascular disease has, in recent years, involved minimally invasive treatment of the arterial plaque found in diseased arteries. This does not require general anaesthesia or a chest incision and has the additional advantage over bypass surgery of reduced cost and decreased hospital and recuperation times.1,2
Gelatin coating promotes in situ endothelialization of electrospun polycaprolactone vascular grafts
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Yuehao Xing, Yongquan Gu, Lianrui Guo, Jianming Guo, Zeqin Xu, Yonghao Xiao, Zhiping Fang, Cong Wang, Zeng-Guo Feng, Zhonggao Wang
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world [1]. Both coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease are attributed to artery stenosis, which needs bypass surgery. Autologous vascular grafts are the best choice in bypass surgery due to the high long-term patency rate [2]. However, autologous vascular grafts may unavailable, and small diameter (<6 mm) synthetic vascular grafts have a low patency rate [3, 4]. Tissue engineering techniques make it possible to build vascular grafts similar to native vessels in vitro and in vivo. Some large animal studies and several clinical studies have shown promising results. But these two kinds of methods need a lot of time and effort, which may limit the use of tissue engineering vascular grafts (TEVGs) in clinical practice [5, 6]. In situ vascular tissue engineering is a method that uses the living body as a ‘bioreactor’ to build blood vessels in situ by foreign body response [7]. The scaffolds are implanted in the circulation system directly, the materials contact with blood flow, and all the regeneration process is completed in situ. Therefore, the anticoagulant properties are crucial for the in situ tissue engineering vascular grafts [8].
Numerical study of hemodynamics in a complete coronary bypass with venous and arterial grafts and different degrees of stenosis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Shila Alizadehghobadi, Hasan Biglari, Hanieh Niroomand-Oscuii, Meisam H. Matin
One of the most prevalent cardiovascular diseases is coronary artery disease which is the leading cause of death all over the world (Wong 2014). The stenosis or blockage of the artery brings about a reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle and therefore causes problems for blood supply to the heart. One of the main treatments for the coronary artery blockage is bypass surgery in which an alternative graft is used to compensate for the blood flow reduction through the coronary artery (Arima et al. 2005; Deb et al. 2013). This graft is connected to the aorta from upstream and to the coronary artery from downstream. Internal thoracic artery (ITA) and small saphenous vein are the commonly used vessels in bypass. The main issue encountered after the bypass surgery is stenosis or partial blockage of the graft which occurs due to the variations in the hemodynamic conditions leading to the failure of the grafting. The hemodynamic conditions strongly depends on the mechanical properties of the artery tissues. Since the accurate experimental evaluation of the parameters is almost elusive due to the challenges associated with the ultrasonic velocity measurement, numerical simulations can examine the flow conditions and hemodynamics conveniently but with some limitations. Owida et al. (2012) provided an overview on numerical simulations of the flow pattern and wall shear stress in the occluded coronary arteries.
Medical textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2020
Revision of vascular intervention is frequently required beyond the first six weeks and up to 40% of femorodistal bypass surgery grafts (a vessel that bypasses a blockage and connects the femoral artery with an artery in the leg) require re-intervention within 5 years. Although, there has been considerable enthusiasm for endovascular aortic aneurysm reconstruction (EVAR) [349], the same issue arises for endovascular intervention where up to 30% of patients need a re-intervention within 5 years after EVA [350]. This may be due to a variety of problems. Graft -related problems include occlusion and infection. EVARs also suffer from aneurysm sac expansion due to type II endoleak, back-flow of blood from aortic collaterals into the sac (other blood vessels that connect to the aorta nearby and can allow blood to ‘backflow’ into the repair).