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Cardiovascular system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
As outlined above, sudden rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with subsequent arterial thrombosis and occlusion may lead to acute cardiac events, such as sudden death, myocardial infarction and acute unstable angina. The classic symptoms of acute angina are chest pain and tightness radiating to the left arm. Other causes of acute chest pain include aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, gastro-oesophageal reflux, muscle spasm, and a variety of respiratory causes. Initial workup for a cardiac cause includes ECG and serum markers such as CK-MB and cardiac treponins. Initial imaging assessment in the acute situation consists of a CXR to look for evidence of cardiac failure and to diagnose a non-cardiac cause of chest pain, such as pneumonia or pneumothorax. Coronary angiography is indicated in patients with ECG changes or elevated serum markers. Interventional procedures aimed at restoring coronary blood flow, including coronary artery angioplasty and stent deployment, may also be performed acutely.
Identification of coronary artery stenosis based on hybrid segmentation and feature fusion
Published in Automatika, 2023
K. Kavipriya, Manjunatha Hiremath
Coronary artery disease (CAD), is the most common type of cardiovascular diseases and a major cause of mortality worldwide in the last decade. When the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked induced by the atheromatous plaques building up inside, the reduction of oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart muscle can cause angina or a myocardial infarction. The fundamental task required for the interpretation of coronary angiography is identification and quantification of severity of stenosis within the coronary circulation. However, with the complex vessel structure, image noise, poor contrast and non-uniform illumination appearing in the angiograms, the maximum degree of coronary artery stenosis cannot be always accurately evaluated.