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Bioactive Peptides (BPs) as Functional Foods: Production Process, Techno-Functional Applications, Health-Promoting Effects, and Safety Issues
Published in Deepak Kumar Verma, Ami R. Patel, Sudhanshu Billoria, Geetanjali Kaushik, Maninder Kaur, Microbial Biotechnology in Food Processing and Health, 2023
Afshin Babazadeh, Majid Nooshkam, Mahnaz Tabibiazar
Immunomodulatory peptides obtained from milk affect both cell proliferation responses and the immune system. Bradykinin, an immune-enhancing hormone, can be inactivated by ß-casokinins, which inhibits ACE enzymes. Thus, this chain of actins indirectly generates a total immunostimulatory response. Casein hydrolysates derivative peptides revealed an increase in phagocytotic activity of human macrophages against aging red blood cells (Migliore-Samour et al., 1989). In vivo studies on rats revealed immunostimulatory activity of hexapeptide (obtained by hydrolysis of human ß-CN) against Klebsiella pneumoniae (Parker et al., 1984). In yogurt production, BPs reduced cell proliferation in IEC-6 and Caco-2 cells. This report can make it clear, how yogurt use has been related with a reduced level of colon cancer incidence (Clare and Swaisgood, 2000; Ganjam et al., 1997).
The therapeutic role of the components of Aloe vera in activating the factors that induce osteoarthritic joint remodeling
Published in Badal Jageshwar Prasad Dewangan, Maheshkumar Narsingrao Yenkie, Novel Applications in Polymers and Waste Management, 2018
Abhipriya Chatterjee, Patit Paban Kundu
Bradykinin belongs to the family of kinins, which are significantly associ ated with proinflammatory mechanisms and pain. Bradykinin binds to its activated receptor, B2, and induces activation of phospholipase C and its signaling pathways, like protein kinase C and phospholipase A phosphory lation,55 NO synthase activation, and ultimately release of inflammatory mediators. B2 receptors in chondrocytes and synovial fluid bind to brady kinin and stimulate the release of inflammatory cytokines like IL6, IL8, and MMP3 that is involved in collagen degradation. Presence of brady kinin in synovial fluid, fibroblast, and endothelial cell lining has been detected in patients with osteoarthritis. Moreover, it can also interact with ILΙβ signaling and increase cyclooxygenase 2 expression which results in increased prostaglandin production.56
Antihypertensive Drugs: Controlling Blood Pressure
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
Bradykinin has opposing effects to AT-II and promotes vasodilation and sodium excretion. Bradykinin was discovered by Mauricio Rocha e Silva at the Biological Institute in Sao Paulo Brazil in 1948. It was found as the result of investigations of the effect on blood pressure of the venom of a Brazilian viper, Bothrops jararaca, which frequently bit agricultural workers in Brazil. At the time, histamine was recognized as a major factor in the hypotension associated with anaphylactic shock. In his studies of the venom, however, Rocha e Silva observed effects that could not be attributed to histamine. He was able to isolate the responsible substance, which he called bradykinin. The isolated material was able to induce smooth muscle contraction and a drop in blood pressure. It was shown to be involved in the causation of certain forms of anaphylactic shock. Structural investigation, and, eventually synthesis, showed bradykinin to be a nonapeptide. In the 1930s, it had been observed that extracts of pancreas were hypotensive. The name kallikrein from the Greek word for pancreas was assigned to the presumed active substance. When the structure of the active substance was determined, it was found to be a decapeptide, kallidin-II, that has the same sequence as bradykinin with an additional N-terminal lysine.
Association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and muscle injuries in Italian and Japanese elite football players
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Myosotis Massidda, Eri Miyamoto-Mikami, Hiroshi Kumagai, Hayato Ikeda, Yu Shimasaki, Masafumi Yoshimura, Paolo Cugia, Francesco Piras, Marco Scorcu, Naoki Kikuchi, Carla Maria Calò, Noriyuki Fuku
ACE plays a key role in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the tissue kallikrein–kinin system (TKKS). In RAS, ACE catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, and in TKKS ACE catalyzes the degradation of bradykinin to biologically inactive fragments. Therefore, higher ACE activity, associated with the D allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism, will result in greater production of angiotensin II and a decreased half-life for bradykinin. It is known that angiotensin II and bradykinin are both involved in the inflammatory processes that occur following muscle damage (Baumert et al., 2016). Recently, Sierra et al. (2019) reported an association between ACE related polymorphisms and inflammation and muscle damage in Brazilian male runners after a marathon race. This study showed that inflammatory and muscle damage markers in the blood were lower in runners with the DD genotype compared to those with the II genotype, suggesting that ACE DD genotype decreases the susceptibility to inflammation and muscle damage after exercise. The low inflammatory response and muscle damage in D allele carriers may explain the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and muscle injury in elite football players in the present study.
A human whole-blood model to study the activation of innate immunity system triggered by nanoparticles as a demonstrator for toxicity
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Kristina N Ekdahl, Karin Fromell, Camilla Mohlin, Yuji Teramura, Bo Nilsson
It should be emphasized that under physiological conditions, plasma proteins are found not only in the bloodstream but also in other tissues due to capillary leakage. During inflammation, there is increased capillary permeability, induced primarily by bradykinin (BK; see below) with the consequence that the interstitial concentration of plasma proteins approaches that which is found in the blood. General features of the cascade systems within the innate immune as well as their interactions are discussed in detail in [22].