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Lipase-Mediated Biocatalysis as a Greener and Sustainable Choice for Pharmaceutical Processes
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2020
Monika Sharma, Tanya Bajaj, Rohit Sharma
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an important component of rennin-angiotensin system which exerts its effect on blood pressure by regulating the body fluids. ACE inhibitors are antihypertensive agents which function by inhibiting the activity of ACE, decreasing the production of angiotensin II and thus resulting in vasodilation. This activity reduces the overall blood pressure of the patient. Examples include classical “prils” like captopril, zofenopril, enalapril, ceranopril and lisinopril (Fig. 1.4). All of these drugs are given orally (P.O.) except for enalapril which can be administered intravenously. Also, all these ACE inhibitors are administered as prodrugs and require activation except for Lisinopril and captopril (Page, 2014).
Animal Connection Challenges
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is attached to the outer surface (cell membranes) of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines. By catalyzing the hydrolysis of angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor peptide) into the vasodilator agent angiotensin (1–7), ACE2 lowers blood pressure. ACE2 thereby counters the activity of the related angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by reducing the amount of angiotensin-II and increasing Ang(1–7).d It is well known that several human blood pressure reducing drugs are “ACE inhibitors.”383
Production of antihyerglycemic and antihypertensive drug loaded sustained release nanoparticles using spray drying technique: Optimization by Placket Burman Design
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Gokul Khairnar, Vinod Mokale, Rajeshwari Khairnar, Arun Mujumdar, Jitendra Naik
RPG is orally used to treat type-2 DM which is categorized as fast and short acting drug having half life of 1 h with 50% oral bioavailability. It shows poor absorption in upper intestinal tract. Due to very short life of RPG it needs to administer multiple times in a day.[16] DIL is widely used calcium channel blocker for the treatment of hypertension. It is used alone or in combination with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) for the treatment of various cardiovascular complications like angina pectoris, hypertension and variant angina. DIL has also very short half life of 3 and 4 h and it makes mandatory to administer the dose several times in a day in order to maintain the plasma concentration within therapeutic range.[17,18] So considering shorter half life and repeated dosing, these drugs serve as best candidates for the development of sustained release formulations through which dosing could be minimized.