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Micro-/Nanotech-Based Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Gilson Khang, Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2017
Extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin have been shown to mediate the binding of signaling molecules and regulate cell attachment, which aids in regulating the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix, resulting in the reorganization of cytoskeleton in preodontoblasts during pulp wound healing.18,19 Particularly, collagens regulate preodontoblast rearrangement and aid in the attachment of new odontoblasts to pulp tissue.20 Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a component of mineralized tissues such as bone, dentin, cementum, and calcified cartilage. As a noncollagenous protein, BSP used for the restoration of pulp defects appears to stimulate the differentiation of cells which secrete an organized extracellular matrix more efficiently than other capping materials such as calcium hydroxide.21 Thus, the choice of composite materials for pulp regeneration must take into account the individual contribution of the biomaterials themselves during the regeneration process.
27-Deoxyactein prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cellular damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2018
Kwang Sik Suh, Eun Mi Choi, Woon-Won Jung, So Young Park, Sang Ouk Chin, Sang Youl Rhee, Youngmi Kim Pak, Suk Chon
TCDD has been shown to inhibit MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cellular proliferation and differentiation in a dose-dependent manner.[53] Thus, the present study examined whether 27-deoxyactein would prevent the TCDD-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. Although various regulators govern osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a key enzyme that provides a high concentration of phosphate at an early stage of mineral deposition.[54] Osterix is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that is essential for osteogenic differentiation and bone formation and induces the expressions of collagen type I and ALP. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is localized in the extracellular matrix and can increase the nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystal formation as well as promote Ca2+ absorption and mineralization.[55] Osteocalcin is a protein abundantly found in bone. In the present study, osteoblast-specific marker genes, such as ALP, osterix, and BSP, were significantly inhibited by treatment with 100 nM of TCDD (Fig. 10). On the other hand, treatment with 1 µM of 27-deoxyactein increased the gene expressions of ALP, osterix, osteocalcin, and BSP compared to the TCDD-treated group. The prenatal exposure of rats to TCDD alters the properties of bone matrix materials, probably due to disturbances in the bone mineralization process, and leads to delayed and decreased mineralization.[56] Likewise, rat osteoblasts exposed to TCDD in vitro exhibit a decreased deposition of Ca2+.[57] Therefore, it can be speculated that 27-deoxyactein prevented TCDD-induced bone diseases via the promotion of osteoblast function.