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Pulmonary infection induced by drugs
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Marc B Feinstein, Dorothy A White
At high doses, MTX precipitates lung infection predominantly through bone marrow suppression, with resultant sepsis and/or bacterial infection. At low doses, the risk of infection is low and complicated by the fact that MTX is often used with steroids. MTX has been linked to those organisms associated with abnormal lymphocyte function, including Pneumocystis jiroveci, CMV, Nocardia asteroides and Cryptococcus neoformans. van der Veen et al. compared 77 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with MTX to 151 patients not receiving this drug. The relative risk for respiratory infections was 1.43 (95% CI: 0.96–2.14), and was independent of prednisone use.51 In another prospective study, the risk of infection was associated with rheumatoid arthritis severity and the proximity to the initiation of therapy; patients were most vulnerable to opportunistic infection during the first 1.5 years of treatment.52
Nanoscale Drug Delivery Vehicles for Solid Tumors: A New Paradigm for Localized Drug Delivery Using Temperature Sensitive Liposomes
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
In further depth, how are some of these nanotech-formulated drugs faring in terms of clinical use and outcome? For the anti-CD20 antibody Zevalin, a randomized, controlled phase III trial supported its accelerated FDA approval for NHL.35 This study included 143 subjects with relapsed or refractory, low grade or follicular NHL, or transformed B-cell NHL. An overall response rate of 80% was obtained in subjects receiving the Zevalin therapeutic regimen (73 subjects) compared to 56% for subjects receiving Rituxan alone (70 subjects). Complete response rates (with no detectable cancer) were 30% for the Zevalin group and 16% for Rituxan alone. The side effects of Zevalin include thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. This bone marrow suppression, sometimes persistent in nature, has led to severe hemorrhaging and infection in a small number of patients.35,36 Since its approval in 2002, further studies have supported the efficacy of Zevalin for NHL with response rates greater than 80%; however, the mean time to progression for these patients has still been limited to only 9–12 months.25,37–39
Chemical health risks
Published in Blanca Jiménez, Joan Rose, Urban Water Security: Managing Risks, 2009
Inés Navarro, Francisco J. Zagmutt
Acute and chronic arsenic exposure can result in a wide variety of adverse health outcomes. Acute arsenic poisoning occurs usually as an acute gastrointestinal syndrome. Indirect effects include renal failure, bone marrow suppression, respiratory failure and polyneuropathy. Drinking arsenic-rich water over a long period – between 5 to 20 years – leads to arsenic poisoning or Arsenicosis and various health effects. These effects include skin problems (such as colour changes on the skin and hard patches on the palms and soles of the feet); skin, bladder, kidney and lung cancer; diseases of blood vessels in legs and feet; and possibly diabetes, high blood pressure and reproductive disorders.
Interaction of L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol in alleviating 1, 4-benzoquinone, a metabolite of benzene induced genotoxicity in male Wistar rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Ritu Mishra, Karabi Dutta, Manuj Kr. Bharali
Benzene exerts its genotoxicity through the formation of reactive metabolites in which myeloperoxidase are the key enzyme to perform the reactions. Phorbol 12 acetate 13 myristate activated BQ to induce micronuclei at nontoxic concentration suggesting that BQ is the ultimate precursor for the carcinogenicity and genotoxcity of benzene [30]. In the present study frequency of micronucleated PCEs was significantly increased in BQ treated group when compared to the control group. The significant decrease in ratio of immature to mature erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) signifies the bone marrow suppression and the increase in frequency of MNPCEs at 24 h treatment with gradual decreasing at 48 h and 72 h treatment is noteworthy. This reflects removal of damaged cells in the bone marrow with replacement of new undamaged cells [31–34].
Cytotoxicity of Sarcosphaera crassa and Tricholoma terreum extracts on colon cancer cell line (HT-29) in conjunction with their antioxidant properties
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
The colorectal cancer is the most malignant tumor with very high morbidity and mortality rates, and poor prognosis (Shengtao et al. 2012). Colon cancer is considered as a preventable disease (Giovannucci 2002). However, it seems to be that, there is no decline in the incidence of colon cancer, and many of the risk factors associated with colon cancer prevail (Milner et al. 2001). Considering the continuous need for effective anticancer agents, medicinal plants might be an inexhaustible source of anticancer drugs in terms of both variety and mechanism of action. Mushroom extracts can be used in combination with traditional chemotherapy or used as alternative sources for adjuvant cancer therapy, as some of these extracts have no adverse effects and activate the cells of the immune system (Barros et al. 2007a). The bioactive compounds of mushrooms may complement classical cancer therapy and counter the side-effects of cancer, such as nausea, bone marrow suppression, anemia, and lowered resistance (Patel and Goyal 2012)
The first-principles study of BC3 nanosheet as the delivery vehicle for 6-mercaptopurine drug
Published in Molecular Physics, 2022
Yong Qin, Haiting Xu, Nan Zhou, Xuekun Chen, Zhihua Peng, Changming Nie, Jie Tan, Xijun Wu
Anti-cancer drugs are widely used in various medical fields. They play a vital role in chemotherapy. With the development of biomolecular science, targeted drugs, such as Kyprolis and Rituxan, have come out successively. As a purine analog, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) drug is widely used in the treatment of choriocarcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease [1,2], chronic and acute leukemia [3,4]. It has significant therapeutic effects, but its toxicity and side effects, such as liver toxicity, drug resistance, poor water solubility and bone marrow suppression during the treatment process, severely restricted its clinical application[5–10]. The drug delivery to targeted organs via transport carriers could significantly improve drug utilization and reduce toxic side effects and drug delivery frequency. Therefore, to promote a large-scale treatment of 6-MP drugs, researchers are trying to develop effective delivery vehicles for various anti-cancer drugs.