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Machine Learning Based Hospital-Acquired Infection Control System
Published in Shampa Sen, Leonid Datta, Sayak Mitra, Machine Learning and IoT, 2018
Sehaj Sharma, Prajit Kumar Datta, Gaurav Bansal
This is the most commonly contracted NI [4]. Urinary transmitted infections (UTI) account for up to 13% or more of all reported NI's. CAUTIs are usually caused by bacteria native to the patient's urinal tract. In normal circumstances, this bacteria is flushed out by the flow of urine. However, catheters have imperfect drainage of urine and create the perfect environment for bacteria to flourish. This can develop into several diseases like orchitis, epididymitis, and prostatitis in males, and pyelonephritis, cystitis, and meningitis in all patients [1]. The two types of CAUTI are [17]: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB): Asymptomatic bacteriuria refers to bacteria in the urine at levels often regarded as clinically consequential (>100 000 colony composing units per milliliter of urine) in patients with no symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection. It becomes more prevalent with age. This situation is almost universal with catheterized patients [18].Symptomatic urinary tract infection [17]: Alongside asymptomatic bacteriuria, a patient suffering from symptomatic UTI will also suffer from high fever.Bacterimia [17]: Less than 3% of patients suffering from ASB progress into bacterimia. It is a bloodstream infection and can cause mortality on a few occasions.
Clinician satisfaction and preference for central venous catheter systems promoting patient safety, ease-of-use and reduced clinician error
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Robert Wagner, Kimberly Alsbrooks, Erin Bacon, Matthew O’Brien, Klaus Hoerauf
Central venous catheters (CVC) are integral to patient care, allowing healthcare providers to administer medications, intravenous fluids, hemodialysis, and monitor patient variables [1]. Around 3 million CVCs are utilized annually in the US [2], many of which are placed by anesthesiologists, and other providers throughout surgical and emergent critical care [3]. Complications with CVCs can result in adverse outcomes for the patient. Even with improvements in catheter materials and increased use of ultrasound guidance, the placement of CVCs is associated with mechanical issues, including guidewire retention, arterial injury, guidewire/air embolisms, and thrombosis [4]. User error is also responsible for 28.1% of reported adverse events across FDA-approved medical devices [5]. With a number of CVC-related issues traced to user error, it stands to reason hospitals and providers may prioritize CVC systems that offer the greatest ease-of-use and decreased risk of harm. Patients treated with CVCs are also at risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality, making the risk of contamination or infection a reasonable concern for providers [6].
Detection of new phytochemical compounds from Vassobia breviflora (Sendtn.) Hunz: antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activity of the hexane extract
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
Altevir Rossato Viana, Bruna Godoy Noro, Daniel Santos, Katianne Wolf, Yasmin Sudatti Das Neves, Rafael Noal Moresco, Aline Ferreira Ourique, Erico Marlon Moraes Flores, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden, Luciana Maria Fontanari Krause, Bruno Stefanello Vizzotto
Diseases attributed to microorganisms are considerable in number and continuous threat to public health with significant social and financial implications (Ruan, Yu, and Feng 2020). Bacterial infections are the cause of approximately 65% of all infectious diseases (Hanafi and Danial 2019). The indiscriminate use of antibiotics against diseases has potentiated the emergence of antimicrobial resistance which has become a major problem for the global health community (Blanquart 2019; Ferri et al. 2017; Huemer et al. 2020; Minski et al. 2021).). This problem constitutes a major threat to the health of animals and humans, but development of new antimicrobial drugs it seems is not profitable for pharmaceutical companies resulting in less focused research (Aslam et al. 2018; McEwen et al. 2018). In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a list of priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens that are particularly dangerous in hospitals, nursing homes, and among patients using mechanical ventilation and intravenous catheters. Among these were Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp., Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium, which are involved in bloodstream infections and pneumonia (WHO 2017).
Numerical simulation of the mechanics of oblique interaction of a bacterium with a flat surface
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Recently investigations of the mechanics of cells and microorganisms have become significant in biology. Thereby obtained results may predict bacteria behavior during interaction. One of the important bacteria to analyze are Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteria are of micro size diameter which can give them the ability to stick to a surface due to the influence of adhesion. Bacterial adhesion was introduced by Linke and Goldman [1]. The S. aureus bacterium is pathogenic and can cause various diseases (Tong et al. [2]). S. aureus can be transmitted through the air in aerosol droplets and can stick to a surface while being suspended in a droplet as outlined by Tang et al. [3], Liu et al. [4] and King et al. [5]. Also, S. aureus can stick in the human circulatory system and cause diseases, such as bacteremia or infective endocarditis (see Wilson et al. [6] and Corey [7]). The understanding of bacteria motion at shear conditions becomes important, as the ability to eliminate the interaction can help to prevent infection transmission such as in bloodstream infections. The tangential motion of a bacterium is also relevant in potential filtration processes. E.g., the S. aureus culture supernatant can be filtered and concentrated with a tangential flow filtration system, compare Wang et al. [8].