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Recent Advancements on Nano-Based Drug Delivery System for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Published in Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Yugal Kishore Mohanta, Debasis Nayak, Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine, 2019
Leukemia (Blood cancer) is an abnormal increase of white blood cells due to cancer starting in the bone marrow. Many researchers have found that Ag NPs induced cytotoxic activity against leukemia by inhibiting Jurkat, THP-1, and K562 cell lines. Recently, it was found that poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated Ag NPs at even low concentrations can successfully kill acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells (D. Guo et al. 2013). This probably suggests a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of leukemia in the near future.
Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Cancer is classified according to the kind of fluid or tissue from which it originates, or according to the tissue/organ in the body where it first originated or developed. In addition, a few cancers are of mixed types. The following are the five broad categories of cancer:Carcinoma: It is cancer of the epithelial tissue that lines surfaces of organ/glands or body structures. They account for 80–90% of all cancer cases, e.g. melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell skin carcinoma, merkel cell carcinoma.Sarcoma: A sarcoma is a malignant tumour growing from connective tissues, such as cartilage, fat, muscle, tendons, and bones. The most common sarcoma, a tumour on the bone, usually occurs in young adults, e.g. osteosarcoma (bone), chondrosarcoma (cartilage), Erwig’s sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma.Lymphoma: These refer to cancer of nodes or glands of the lymphatic system. The lyphatic systems are responsible for producing WBCs and clean body fluids, e.g. Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cutaneous lymphoma.Leukemia: It is also known as blood cancer. It is a cancer of the bone marrow, which produces normal red and white blood cells and platelets. White blood cells are known as the body’s fighter cells, which resist infection. Red cells contain a special protein called haemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and then returns carbon dioxide from the body to the lungs, where it gets exhaled. Platelets support the body. Platelets also called as thrombocytes play a vital role in normal blood clotting, e.g. acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, agnogenic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, essential thrombocythemia (ET), hairy cell leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Myeloma: It grows in the plasma cells of bone marrow. Sometimes, it is plasmacytoma, i.e. the myeloma cells collect in one bone and form a single tumour. In other cases, it is multiple myeloma – where the cells collect in many bones, forming many bone tumours.
A Comparison of Different Bayesian Models for Leukemia Data
Published in American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences, 2022
Maria Rafique, Sajid Ali, Ismail Shah, Bilal Ashraf
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that starts within the bone marrow and results in high numbers of abnormal blood cells, which generate tumors that influence the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system. These abnormal blood cells are called impacts or leukemia cells. The general symptoms of leukemia include, feeling tired, fever, an expanded hazard of contaminations, and bruising. These symptoms happen due to the need of regular blood cells to the body and can be detected by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy. The exact cause of leukemia is still unknown. A combination of hereditary variables and natural (non-inherited) components are thought to play a part. Hazard variables like smoking, ionizing radiation, a few chemicals (such as benzene), earlier chemotherapy, and down disorder are also thought to play role in the development of this disease. Individuals with a family history of leukemia are at higher risk of this disease. There are four main types of leukemia: (i) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), (ii) Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), (iii) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and (iv) Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Microscopy cell counting and detection with fully convolutional regression networks
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
Weidi Xie, J. Alison Noble, Andrew Zisserman
We evaluated FCRN-A and FCRN-B on four different kinds of data; (1) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell images. The quantitative anatomy of RPE can be important for physiology and pathophysiology of the visual process, especially in evaluating the effects of aging (Panda-Jonas et al. 1996; 2) embryonic stem cells. Cell counting is essential to monitor the differentiation process (Faustino et al. 2009; 3) plasma cell. The relative number of plasma cells in a bone marrow specimen is a clinical parameter important for the diagnosis and management of plasma cell dyscrasia (Went et al. 2006; 4) images of precursor T-Cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Lymphoma is the most common blood cancer, usually occurs when cells of the immune system grow and multiply uncontrollably.