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An Overview of the Sources, Structure, Applications, and Biodegradability of Agricultural Wastes
Published in Sefiu Adekunle Bello, Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites from Agricultural Waste, 2023
Funsho Olaitan Kolawole, Ibiwumi Damaris Kolawole, Okhiria Dickson Udebhulu, Shola Kolade Kolawole, Michael Moses Aba, Patience Bello Shamaki
Bioproducts are consumer and industrial goods produced fully or in part from renewable biomass. The present era is marked by wealth expansion, notwithstanding still faced by great levels of pollution that consequently deteriorate public health due to an increase in fossil fuel usage for production development in the industry. However, the world has been trying to find alternative routes for energy production. As a result of this, some institutions in several countries have tried to promote bioproducts as replacements for conventional energy sources [10]. The use of plants and their residues for production of a variety of bioproducts, including materials and items manufactured for automobiles, construction industries, and homes, is becoming an interesting part of research [11]. Presently, the chemical manufacturing plant is solely petroleum-based, but a shift in growth of biocatalytic processes is anticipated to have at least 30% renewable sources of the entire chemical industry in about 30 years from now [12]. A considerable number of bioplant products such as succinic, lactic, itaconic, and bioethanol are obtained from corn syrup and other sources of sugar [13].
Chemical Reaction Kinetics, Reactor/Bioreactor Analysis and Stoichiometry of Bioprocesses
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Stoichiometry of the bioprocess also determines the heat evolved in the case of the aerobic fermentation process. Most bioproducts are produced through the aerobic fermentation process. In the fermentation process, the amount of oxygen required for both the aerobic and anaerobic process comes from the different sources; e.g. in the aerobic process the organism requires the molecular oxygen but in the anaerobic process the oxygen is utilized from compounds such as nitrate, sulphate, and nitrite. Heat evolved in the aerobic fermentation process is determined from molecular oxygen consumption. Heat evolved in the aerobic fermentation process can be calculated with the help of the equation:Q = 4 Q0 b [kJ/g atom of substrate consumed] (3.70)
Downstream Processing Plant and Equipment
Published in Juan A. Asenjo, Separation Processes in Biotechnology, 2020
The term “large scale” is often applied loosely to bioprocesses. It is commonly associated with specific products and separating techniques, rather than comparative DSP throughput rates for all products. The fermentor batch sizes and DSP throughputs which constitute a large-scale process for the major classes of bioproducts are given in Table 1. Increasing production scales for a number of bioproducts, particularly rDNA proteins, is generally limited by their market demand, rather than absolute deficiencies in equipment design, availability, or performance.
Gut microbiota of cattle and horses and their use in the production of ethanol and lactic acid from timothy hay
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Alaa Emara Rabee, Mebarek Lamara, Suzanne L. Ishaq
Global energy and food crises are the major challenges that threaten the livelihoods of world populations. Therefore, the world’s attention was directed to the effective and sustainable use of available resources [1]. Lignocellulosic biomass attracted interest as a renewable substrate to produce several bioproducts, including cellulosic ethanol and organic acids, such as lactic acid [2,3]. Cellulosic ethanol or second-generation ethanol does not affect food security like first-generation ethanol, which relies on starchy food crops [4]. Lactic acid has several applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, and it is the primary substrate to produce biodegradable polylactic acid material, an environmentally friendly product [2,5]. The cost of carbon sources in lactic acid production is the major limitation that raises the production cost [5].
Integrated bio-refinery process for mass production of silica, lignin, and nanocellulose from rice straw biomass
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Thai Dinh Cuong, Phan Huy Hoang
The environmental concerns, such as climate change and fossil fuel depletion, have forced development of the bio-based economy, in which biorefineries and bioproducts are important factors (Farzad et al. 2017). It is known that the development of integrated biorefineries to produce biofuels and bioproducts from renewable biomass sources is a key tool to conduct the transition from a petroleum-based economy to an efficient and sustainable bioeconomy (Manzanares 2020). Biomass is the renewable resource that features as wide availability and easy accessibility make this feedstock a unique source for the production of bio-energy, biofuels, and bioproducts. The biomass source such as lignocellulose materials, non-food starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, tall oils and fatty acids have been also considered as vital components of the bio-based economy (Farzad et al. 2017).
Morphological modification of Chromolaena odorata cellulosic biomass using alkaline peroxide oxidation pretreatment methodology and its enzymatic conversion to biobased products
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Augustine O. Ayeni, Michael O. Daramola, Adeola Awoyomi, Francis B. Elehinafe, Ajibola Ogunbiyi, Patrick T. Sekoai, Johnson A. Folayan
The study evaluated the feasibility of using APO pretreatment methods namely, sodium hydroxide–hydrogen peroxide enhanced pretreatment (SHP) and calcium hydroxide–hydrogen peroxide enhanced pretreatment (CHP), to deconstruct Siam weed towards its bioconversion to RS. Gravimetric analysis was used to quantify the compositions of both treated and untreated materials. The efficiency of any pretreatment methodology used on lignocellulosic biomass is directly linked to the ease of hydrolysis on treated materials by cellulase enzymes in order to produce fermentable sugars for easy microbial digestion yielding bioproducts such as ethanol. Considering RS yields after enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Siam weed samples (based on the optimized pretreatment responses of cellulose content, hemicellulose solubilization, and lignin removal at 70°C and 3 h), the maximum RS yield showed NaOH–H2O2(SHP)-treated sample produced 424.35 mg equivalent glucose/g biomass while Ca(OH)2–H2O2 (CHP)-treated sample produced 335.81 mg equivalent glucose/g biomass of RS. The SHP process yielded higher lignin removal than CHP-treated samples; as a result, SHP proved to be a better choice than CHP process. However, future studies will be focused on how to compare the economic benefits of the two processes. Results of the morphological examination of the raw and treated materials substantiate the observed effectiveness of the pretreatment methods to disrupt the complex structure of the lignocellulosic biomass, thereby enhancing susceptibility of the biomass to enzymatic and microbial attacks.