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Cost and Use of Resources
Published in Edward Y. Uechi, Business Automation and Its Effect on the Labor Force, 2023
Depending on industry sector and type of organization, the raw material, processed material, and land variables may not be applicable and may be excluded from the equation. If excluded, the respective input quantity and unit cost values are zero. Raw material refers to a natural resource, a mineral resource, or an unprocessed commodity in its natural state that an organization requires to produce a good or service. Processed material, on the other hand, includes supplies and manufactured materials that an organization requires to produce a good or service. Land includes the use of land that is required to produce a good or service. For example, an agricultural producer requires 10 acres of land to grow strawberries.
Renewable energy and agriculture
Published in Walter Amedzro St-Hilaire, Agribusiness Economics, 2022
There are also plans to subsidise the production of renewable energy through the introduction of feed-in tariffs set by the state from 2012 to 2017, and to introduce energy subsidisation through competitive tendering from 2017 onwards. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture's renewable energy financing programme has a budget of $61 million and is a priority: Sustainable material flow management for an optimal supply of renewable resources to energy production and conversion systems.The development of sustainable production and use of renewable raw materials.Decentralised development of resources in aquatic systems.Information and dialogue with civil society on the bio-economy and sustainability.
Classification of Waste Materials
Published in Saleh S. Al Arni, Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi, Concise Handbook of Waste Treatment Technologies, 2020
Saleh S. Al Arni, Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi
Furthermore, waste materials can be divided into recyclable and non-recyclable waste. Recyclable wastes are materials that can be recovered for recycling purposes. The recycled materials are either converted into raw materials or used in producing new products. On the other hand, non-recyclable materials are treated and disposed of.
Barriers and enablers of circular economy in construction: a multi-system perspective towards the development of a practical framework
Published in Construction Management and Economics, 2023
Benjamin Kwaku Ababio, Weisheng Lu
For centuries, economic growth has been tied to resource utilisation with several development activities disregarding natural ecosystems and other environmental factors (Liu et al.2021). High levels of raw material extraction, and its associated biological degeneration and pollutant emissions are undoubtedly worsening the already severed environmental pressures (Huang et al.2018). Thus, addressing these challenges of attaining sustainability has become imminent in the construction industry (CI). These issues, according to Lieder and Rashid (2016), are linked to the current linear economy model which is characterised by the “take, make, use, and dispose” production and consumption model. The CI, under this paradigm accounts for about half of the world’s extracted mineral resource use and approximately 55% of the energy produced (Bilal et al.2020). In the EU alone, for example, over four billion tons of raw materials are used annually while energy use levels by the CI in China, accounts for nearly 16% of global energy consumption (IEA 2019). These conventional consumption patterns contribute to high GHG emissions, resource scarcity, and excessive waste generation (UNEP 2020). To reduce negative effects on the environment and society, the circular economy (CE) concept has been proposed.
Sustainability challenges and how Industry 4.0 technologies can address them: a case study of a shipbuilding supply chain
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2022
Jo Wessel Strandhagen, Sven-Vegard Buer, Marco Semini, Erlend Alfnes, Jan Ola Strandhagen
Environmental performance, which also is the responsibility of operations management, is the third measure on the triple bottom line of an organization’s sustainability performance (Ansari and Kant 2017). The process of manufacturing products and extracting raw materials impacts the environment because these activities consume natural resources and produce emissions. The material consumption associated with the different shipbuilding processes is a key measure of sustainability in shipbuilding (Tuan and Wei 2019). In addition, there exist a number of environmental issues that are related to the movement of materials through a supply chain, including the transportation of materials and products during different stages of a supply chain and the handling of products during their end-of-life phase by scrapping, reusing, recycling or remanufacturing them (de Sousa Jabbour et al. 2018). For shipbuilding, the energy consumption in the different processes and the emissions and waste throughout the shipbuilding supply chain are the most relevant sustainability measures (Tuan and Wei 2019).
Green synthesis of the magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle using Rhus coriaria extract: a reusable catalyst for efficient synthesis of some new 2-naphthol bis-Betti bases
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Azeez A. Barzinjy, Dalia A. Abdul, Faiq H. S. Hussain, Samir M. Hamad
Recently, in order to reduce waste and atom economy in the usage of raw materials, the focus of science and technology has been directing toward more environmentally sustainable resources and re-usable catalysts. Since Fe3O4 Nanoparticles can be recovered magnetically and economically applicable material, therefore it becomes mostly capable catalyst in numerous vital carbon-based reactions. In continuation of our recent works regarding green synthesis nanomaterials,[18,19] here we investigate an active and easy process of one-pot green production of a sequence of new N,N-bis[(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-yl)-4-substituted phenyl methyl]-p-phenylenediamines by means of biosynthesis magnetite (Fe3O4) Rhus coriaria extract as a nanocatalyst.