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Bioprinting vascular networks
Published in Ali Khademhosseini, Gulden Camci-Unal, 3D Bioprinting in Regenerative Engineering, 2018
Developments of novel bioprinting modalities, bioink materials, and bioprinting approaches may add new directions to solve the issues. One example of emerging printing technique for soft materials is 4D printing, in which the printed structure is deformed by stimulus or by the passage of time (Tibbits 2014; Gladman et al. 2016). 4D printing has potential in the generation of complicated 3D vessels out of a simpler form of initial 2D or 3D patterns. It can also provide gradually changing mechanical forces on tissue, which can be utilized to tune mechanical stability or to induce mechanobiological factors. As for biomaterials, pressing issue is to develop biomaterials to achieve desired mechanical, chemical, and biological properties for a specific targeted tissue or organ. For bioprinting, further progress is necessary to develop more biocompatible bioinks that can support (1) high cell viability during and after the printing process and (2) functional development and structural integrity during long-term culture. In addition, the printing ability can be further improved by utilizing viscosity-tunable bioinks and materials that are capable of easy phase transition or multistep phase transitions.
Materials for 3D Printing in Medicine
Published in Harish Kumar Banga, Rajesh Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Rajendra M. Belokar, Additive Manufacturing with Medical Applications, 2023
Kamal Kishore, Roopak Varshney, Param Singh, Manoj Kumar Sinha
For 3D printing of functional biological products, the materials that are generally used are termed ‘bio-ink’. This term was introduced in 2003 along with the term ‘biopaper’. The concept was that the hydrogels in which living cells or tissues were inserted are termed biopaper and living cells or tissues are called bio-ink. But with the development of bioprinting, the adaption of new printing principles and understanding of the rheological properties of printing materials consequently unified the whole concept of bio-ink (Mironov, 2003). The bio-inks are generally divided into four types: support bio-inks, fugitive bio-inks, structural bio-inks and functional bio-inks (Williams et al., 2018).
Relevance of Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting
Published in Atul Babbar, Ankit Sharma, Vivek Jain, Dheeraj Gupta, Additive Manufacturing Processes in Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Bhargav Prajwal Pathri, Mohd. Shahnawaz Khan, Atul Babbar
This precise positioning of the cells at respective points is guided by the materials used in the bioprinter. The bioprintable material used in the bioprinting process is known as bio-ink. In regenerative medicine, a wide range of biomaterials are used to repair diseased cells/tissues. But most of these materials are not compatible with bioprinting technologies. For example, biomaterials that need high temperatures in their process of printing are not compatible with living cells. The different bioprinting technologies available for the deposition of bio-inks are depicted in Figure 5.3.
Advanced processing of 3D printed biocomposite materials using artificial intelligence
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
Deepak Verma, Yu Dong, Mohit Sharma, Arun Kumar Chaudhary
The development/bio-fabrication of the tissue and organs can be achieved by bioprinting .[104,105] The primary difference between traditional 3D printing and bio-fabrication lies in incorporating the cells with the fabricated biomaterials leading to bio-ink production .[106] This bio-ink is combined with the laser-induced forward transfer and inkjet printer for bioprinting purposes .[107] These biomaterials are then added with the biomolecules, and the cells grow in a defined shape. For the development of tissue structures, biomaterials are used frequently. Biomaterials can develop tissue structures, while the biomolecules can be used to monitor the tissue development process. Numerous bio-inks enable to be combined with cells, complex tissues and organs .[1] Machine learning would help predict the material properties through numerous compositions of material mixture, resulting in a suitable and specific design.[108]
Tissue engineering to treat pelvic organ prolapse
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Deyu Yang, Min Zhang, Kehai Liu
The application of 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technique in regenerative medicine is increasing day by day. 3D printing such as 3D melt electrospinning is more automatic and non-toxic, which requires CAD design and modeling before manufacturing customized and personalized materials for POP patients. Bio-ink, as a kind of hydrogel to carry cells, combined with 3D printing technology can form tissue engineered biological constructs [8]. It's called 3D bioprinting technology, a new method for scaffold fabrication (Figure 2c and 2d). Kallyanashis et al. used 3D bioprinting to combine endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and PCL mesh to create tissue-engineered structures, as an alternative method of repairing vaginal wall to overcome the challenges of current POP therapy [48]. It has the advantages of high precision and cost performance, simple operation, and it can successfully introduce seed cells into the scaffolds compared with other methods [49]. Although this technology is still in its infancy, it has produced transplantable organs and tissues successfully, and will be used for POP in the future.
3D bioprinting in orthopedics translational research
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
XuanQi Zheng, JinFeng Huang, JiaLiang Lin, DeJun Yang, TianZhen Xu, Dong Chen, Xingjie Zan, AiMin Wu
As materials play a central role in tissue scaffold bioprinting, the development of novel materials to overcome the limitations that are faced by using current materials is of high priority. The biomaterials that are used in traditional 3D printing are known as “bio-ink”, which are divided into naturally derived biomaterials and synthetic biomaterials [8]. Naturally derived biomaterials, such as agarose, alginate, chitosan, collagen, fibrin, silk-based and hyaluronic acid, are considered to have good biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low antigenicity, and biodegradability; furthermore, degradation products are also low toxicity and low antigenicity. Apart from this, these naturally derived biomaterials can pass specific surface receptors that interact with cells to promote cell migration and extracellular molecule production, which promote cell proliferation. On the other hand, currently, the synthetic biomaterials that are commonly used for 3D bioprinting are polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylactide (PLA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycaprolactone(PCL), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(NiPAAm) and their derivatives.