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Polymers for Innovative Packaging Applications
Published in Arbind Prasad, Ashwani Kumar, Kishor Kumar, Biodegradable Composites for Packaging Applications, 2023
Sonika, Sushil Kumar Verma, Vishwanath Jadhav
Mostly, alginate is obtained from brown sea kelp; it’s a polysaccharide. Alginate can be handled effectively in water as chitosan and is genuinely non-harmful and non-inflammatory, so it has been endorsed in certain nations for wound dressing and use in food items. It has been demonstrated that alginate is biodegradable. It has controllable porosity and might be connected to other organically dynamic atoms. Alginate can frame a strong gel under gentle preparing conditions, which permits its utilization for entangling cells into dots and different shapes. The fascinating matter is that encapsulation of certain cell types into alginate beads may really enhance cell development and endurance. Alginate has been investigated for use in liver, nerve, heart, and ligament tissue engineering. Like others, alginate has some disadvantages including mechanical softness and unfortunate cell adhesion. To overcome these impediments, the strength and cell conduct of alginate were improved by blends with different materials, including the normal polymers agarose and chitosan [38,39].
Viscoelastic Properties of Completely Biodegradable Polymer-Based Composites
Published in Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani, Md Enamul Hoque, Senthilkumar Krishnasamy, Chandrasekar Muthukumar, Suchart Siengchin, Vibration and Damping Behavior of Biocomposites, 2022
Akarsh Verma, Naman Jain, M.R. Sanjay, Suchart Siengchin
Various applications are as follows: Medicine and pharmacyNatural or bacterial polymersSynthetic polymersPackagingAgricultureOther fields including automotive, electronics, construction, sports, and leisure.Biotechnological applications: Disposability and short-term life character applications.Uncommon packages: There are numerous different applications which are no longer healthy in any of the previous classes. Hence, pens (Green Pen® from Yokozuna and Begreen® from Pilot Pen), combs, and mouse pads fabricated from renewable polymers. Renewable polymers may be utilized to amend food textures. Because of its non-toxicity nature, alginate is used as a thickener in ice creams, salad dressings, and also as additive in meals. Chitosan and chitin are used as feed and meal additives [27]. PLA (semi-synthetic polymers) is used in compostable meals.
Bio-Based Materials for Active Food Packaging
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar, Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani, Senthilkumar Krishnasamy, Suchart Siengchin, Food Packaging, 2020
Ângelo Luís, Fernanda Domingues, Filomena Silva
To extract the alginate, seaweed is broken into pieces and stirred with a hot alkali solution, usually sodium carbonate. After about 2 h, the alginate dissolves as sodium alginate originating a very thick slurry that contains undissolved parts of seaweed, mainly cellulose. The solution is diluted with very large amounts of water. Then, the solution is forced through a filter cloth in a filter press along with a filter aid such as diatomaceous earth. The last step is the precipitation of the alginate from the filtered solution, either as alginic acid or calcium alginate (Tavassoli-Kafrani, Shekarchizadeh, and Masoudpour-Behabadi, 2016). Pretreatment (before alkaline extraction) of the seaweed with acid leads to a more efficient extraction, a less colored product, and reduced loss of viscosity during extraction because lower amounts of phenolic compounds are present (Tavassoli-Kafrani, Shekarchizadeh, and Masoudpour-Behabadi, 2016).
Biodegradable and biocompatible alginate/gelatin/MXene composite membrane with efficient osteogenic activity and its application in guided bone regeneration
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Xiaoli Qin, Hongwei Pan, Kefan Yang, Weibo Xie, Gaochuang Yang, Jinqing Wang
In recent years, some natural/synthetic polymers (such as alginate, gelatin, chitosan, etc.) have aroused widespread interest in the degradable biofilm field due to their noteworthy cellular compatibility and suitable biodegradability [6]. Among these materials, alginate has favorable bioactivity and can readily form a gel under the action of divalent cations (such as calcium ions, Ca2+). However, alginate has low mechanical strength, poor structural stability, and cannot provide mammalian cell adhesion ligands [7]. And gelatin, as a natural biopolymer derived from the partial hydrolysis of natural collagen, has a plentiful of integrin binding sites to accelerate cell adhesiveness [8]. Nevertheless, it will collapse rapidly in the degradation process, so it is difficult to obtain sufficient mechanical properties to support space for bone regeneration [9]. Therefore, some studies have focused on the composite of alginate and gelatin with other materials for tissue engineering research, such as wound dressings [10], hair follicle regeneration [11], endodontic regeneration [12], vascular regeneration [13], bone tissue regeneration [14], etc. However, the application of alginate/gelatin-based composite membranes in the field of GBRM has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, it is still a great challenge to select appropriate materials to overcome the disadvantages of alginate and gelatin, and further develop a new alginate/gelatin-based composite for GBRM research and application.
Gels based on calcium alginate/pillared bentonite: structural characterization and their use as cadmium removal agent
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Lucia Natasha Schmidt, María Fernanda Horst, María Malvina Soledad Lencina, Olivia Valeria López, Mario Daniel Ninago
Hydrogels were obtained from aqueous solutions of sodium alginate 2% w/w mixed with NB and PB at 0.5 and 5% w/w, named as ALG-NB# and ALG-PB#, where # refers to the clay concentration. Also, hydrogels of calcium alginate without mineral particles were synthetized, denominated as ALG. In all cases, two different geometries were studied: beads and disks. Beads were prepared by dropping alginate solution and alginate-bentonite suspensions into a calcium chloride solution (2.5% w/v). Calcium ions act as crosslinking agent between alginate molecules forming a 3 D network. Beads were kept into the calcium chloride solution during 4 hours to achieve a complete crosslinking. Hydrogel disks were obtained through the casting technique, 15 mL of alginate solution and alginate-bentonite suspensions were poured onto circular molds of 20 mm diameter. Samples were dried under vacuum at room temperature until constant weight and the obtained films were cut into disks of 5 mm diameter. These disks were immersed in a calcium chloride solution (2.5% w/v) during 4 hours for the crosslinking process. Finally, samples were dried at room temperature until constant weight.
Advanced processing of 3D printed biocomposite materials using artificial intelligence
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
Deepak Verma, Yu Dong, Mohit Sharma, Arun Kumar Chaudhary
Alginate is a natural polymer with superior properties like gelatiability and biocompatibility, making it useful for many biomedical sectors. It comes under the category of anionic polysaccharide derived from cell walls of algae, bacterial strains and seaweed. Mannuronate and Gluronate monomers are two main constituents in relation with the alginate where various block configurations can achieve distinct material properties. Carboxyl groups react with the cationic groups of other molecules. Hence, its solubility can be altered and it also facilitates the formation of hydrogel materials. Alginate is very useful in biomedical applications because of its thickening and gel-forming properties .[2]Figure 6 shows the chemical structure of alginate.