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Aspergillus
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
V Janakiraman, KG Monisha, V Ramakrishnan, Shiek SSJ Ahmed
Another abundant marine source is seaweed found in clear tropical waters and intertidal zones with less bioassay attention. There are numerous seaweeds in the form of algae with tremendous economic potential in human biological activities, food, and cosmetics and in the extraction of fertilizers and industrial chemicals. Marine alga such as marine sphaerococcus coronopifilius (red alga), Ulva lactuca (green alga) and Portieria hornemannii exhibits the biological antibacterial activity (Donia and Hamann 2003) and anti- inflammatory activity and possess an antitumor compound (Ali et al. 2002). Moreover, Stypodium zonale, a brown tropical alga stypoldione, plays a predominant role in the inhibition of microtubule polymerization and mitotic spindle formation.
Algal-Sourced Biostimulants and Biofertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Enrichment
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
P Muthukumaran, J Arvind, M Kamaraj, A Manikandan
In modern days of agriculture, due to intensive farming, excessive fertilizers were applied to increase crop yield, production, and productivity. The overuse of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers led to a serious ecologic imbalance in agricultural ecosystems, and even a tremendous reduction in the quality of crops. To address this, agricultural practices are being switched over to organic farming to overcome health issues and meet consumer standards (Kramer et al., 2006). When we switch over to the use of biofertilizers, it leads to an increase in plant growth and yield, and we can overcome the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers enhance crop productivity by nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of phytohormones (Pereira and Verlecar, 2005). A few microorganisms, such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter spp., Bacillus megatherium, arbuscular mycorrhiza, blue-green algae, seaweed, and earthworms, were used as biofertilizers (Karthikeyan et al., 2008). Among several marine renewable resources, seaweed is one of the promising sources that can be used as food, feed, fodder, fertilizer, agar, alginate, carrageenan, and a source of various useful chemicals (Sahoo, 2000). In recent days, seaweed has been used as fertilizer to replace synthetic fertilizer (Crouch and van Staden, 1993) (Figure 7.1).
Aquaculture
Published in Yeqiao Wang, Coastal and Marine Environments, 2020
Globally, cultivation of algae is dominated by marine macroalgae or seaweeds.[4] Seaweeds are algae and can include both small microscopic species such as Isochrysis sp. primarily used to feed aquaculture-grown bivalve shellfish and macroalgae, commonly called kelp. In 2010, algae production equaled 19 million tonnes and came primarily from eight countries: China, Indonesia, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Japan, Malaysia, and the United Republic of Tanzania.[4] Aquatic algae production by volume increased at an average annual rate of 9.5% in the 1990s, which is comparable to rates for farmed aquatic animals.[4] The most-cultivated algae is the seaweed called Japanese kelp (Saccharina japonica) consisting of 98.9% of global production of algae cultured.[4] One of the many methods for cultivation involves growing kelp spores into seedlings in land-based facilities before being transplanted to long ropes or other rack-and-line structures in coastal waters. Seaweeds are used in several food products, fertilizers, and animal feeds.
Recent advances in conventional and genetically modified macroalgal biomass as substrates in bioethanol production: a review
Published in Biofuels, 2023
Priyadharsini P, Dawn SS, Arun J, Alok Ranjan, Jayaprabakar J
Research on the manufacture of macroalgae-based bioethanol was deemed a promising technology as a result of carbon neutrality, rapid growth, no fertile soil demands, no refractory molecules of lignin and no requirement for pesticides, water or fertilizer for its growth. These characteristics mean that macroalgae have significant future possibilities for bioethanol production as a sustainable, unused biomass resource [122]. The process of marketing requires further refining of the biomass hydrolysis and fermentation processes on a laboratory scale for effective extension into large quantities. Enhanced understanding of marine algae structure, biochemistry and genetics is needed. For maximum biomass hydrolysis, other pathways, such as enzyme cocktails or mixed enzymes, which lead to a high level of alcohol, need to be channelled. It is necessary to consider the influence of seaweed farming on water biodiversity and societal acceptability. Moreover, due to the wide range of polysaccharide contents, the potential of macroalgae biomass may be improved by adopting the biological refinery technique. Improved value-adding bio-based products can be subsumed under the existing framework. A macroalgae-based processing technique of the next generation can therefore be created to fulfil the full potential of the feedstock of macroalgae [5].
A new approach to investigate the hydration process and the effect of algae powder on the strength properties of cement paste
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022
Meriem Chahbi, Abdelhadi Mortadi, Reddad El Moznine, Mohamed Monkade, Soumia Zaim, Rachid Nmila, Halima Rchid
Praveena and Muthadi (2016), on the other hand, have highlighted the advantages of algae as construction materials, such as higher water retention, high density, strong fire and alkaline resistance, and good thermal insulation material (Chi et al., 2022). Kulkarni and Muthadi (2017) have indicated the benefit of seaweed in cement carbon dioxide fixation and durability improvement in terms of water absorption and permeability. Ramasubramani et al. (2016) discovered the benefits of seaweed addition into concrete, which showed an improvement in tensile and flexural strength at an 8% seaweed addition. Taking into account all prior research, this current study explores the optimal amount of algae powder modified concrete in terms of dielectrical and mechanical properties (Baloo, Kankia, and Wei 2021; Ramasubramani et al., 2019). In this current research, Sargassum muticum (algae powder) is introduced as an admixture to cement paste. Considering the a bundance of S. muticumin the Northwestern Atlantic coast of Morocco and the quality of the extracted hydrogel, this invasive species could be considered as a potential source of alginates. In general, algae contain agarose which is characterised by thickening agents under the polysaccharide polymeric carbohydrate molecules. The success in integrating algae as a new binding material inside cementitious materials would significantly contribute to environmentally friendly material and could benefit the construction industry (Sarbini et al., 2020; Majid et al., 2019).
Effective removal of remazol brillinat orange 3R using a biochar derived from Ulva reticulata
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Sujatha Sivarethinamohan, Gokulan Ravindiran, Joga Rao Hanumanthu, Kalyani Gaddam, Praveen Saravanan, Senthil Kumar Muniasamy
Globally seaweeds are naturally overgrown and their application in environmental remediation is less. Currently, this seaweed is utilized for the production of ethanol and acts as one of the promising tools for biofuel production. Many seaweeds are rich in polysaccharides, which can have the sorption capacity of toxic pollutants. Since India is having 7500 km of coastal line, the cultivation of seaweeds will result in the reduction of anthropogenic emissions of carbonized. Seaweed namely Gracilaria corticata, Sargassum polycystum, Ulva lactuca have the potential of adsorbing 1.60, 2.35, and 4.10 mg/g wet wt/h (Hargreaves et al. 2013). This seaweed along the Indian coastal side has the potential of utilizing 3,017 t CO2/d against its emission of 122 t CO2/d indicating a net carbon credit of 2,895 t/d (Kaladharan, Veena, and Vivekanandan 2009). Biochar produced from these seaweeds will be utilized for the remediation of heavy metals from soil and industrial wastewaters.